We introduce LongCat-Flash-Thinking-2601, a 560-billion-parameter open-source Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) reasoning model with superior agentic reasoning capability. LongCat-Flash-Thinking-2601 achieves state-of-the-art performance among open-source models on a wide range of agentic benchmarks, including agentic search, agentic tool use, and tool-integrated reasoning. Beyond benchmark performance, the model demonstrates strong generalization to complex tool interactions and robust behavior under noisy real-world environments. Its advanced capability stems from a unified training framework that combines domain-parallel expert training with subsequent fusion, together with an end-to-end co-design of data construction, environments, algorithms, and infrastructure spanning from pre-training to post-training. In particular, the model's strong generalization capability in complex tool-use are driven by our in-depth exploration of environment scaling and principled task construction. To optimize long-tailed, skewed generation and multi-turn agentic interactions, and to enable stable training across over 10,000 environments spanning more than 20 domains, we systematically extend our asynchronous reinforcement learning framework, DORA, for stable and efficient large-scale multi-environment training. Furthermore, recognizing that real-world tasks are inherently noisy, we conduct a systematic analysis and decomposition of real-world noise patterns, and design targeted training procedures to explicitly incorporate such imperfections into the training process, resulting in improved robustness for real-world applications. To further enhance performance on complex reasoning tasks, we introduce a Heavy Thinking mode that enables effective test-time scaling by jointly expanding reasoning depth and width through intensive parallel thinking.
Meituan LongCat Team, Anchun Gui, Bei Li, Bingyang Tao, Bole Zhou, Borun Chen, Chao Zhang, Chao Zhang, Chen Gao, Chen Zhang, Chengcheng Han, Chenhui Yang, Chuyu Zhang, Cong Chen, Cunguang Wang, Daoru Pan, Defei Bu, Dengchang Zhao, Di Xiu, Dishan Liu, Dongyu Ru, Dunwei Tu, Fan Wu, Fengcheng Yuan, Fengcun Li, Gang Xu, Guanyu Wu, Guoyuan Lin, Haibin Wang, Hansi Yang, Hao Yang, Haonan Yan, Haoxiang Ma, Haoxing Wen, Hongyan Hao, Hongyin Tang, Hongyu Zang, Hongzhi Ni, Hui Su, Jiacheng Zhang, Jiahong Zhou, Jiahuan Li, Jiaming Wang, Jian Yang, Jianfei Zhang, Jianhao Xu, Jianing Wang, Jiapeng Zhu, Jiaqi Sun, Jiarong Shi, Jiarui Zhao, Jingang Wang, Jinluan Yang, Jinrui Ding, Jinwei Xiao, Jiyuan He, Juncan Xu, Kefeng Zhang, Keheng Wang, Li Wei, Lianhui Ma, Lin Qiu, Lingbing Kong, Lingchuan Liu, Linsen Guo, Mengshen Zhu, Mengxia Shen, Mingyang Zhu, Peiguang Li, Peng Pei, Peng Zhao, Pengcheng Jia, Pengtao Zhang, Ping Liu, Qi Gu, Qiong Huang, Qiyuan Duan, Quanchi Weng, Rongxiang Weng, Rongzhi Zhang, Rumei Li, Shanglin Lei, Shengnan An, Shijun Dai, Shizhe Wu, Shuaikang Liu, Shuang Zhou, Shuo Wang, Songyuan Zhao, Tao Liang, Tianhao Hu, Tianze Chen, Wei Liu, Wei Shi, Wei Wang, Weifeng Tang, Wenjie Shi, Wenlong Zhu, Wentao Chen, Wentao Shi, Xi Su, Xiandi Ma, Xiangcheng Liu, Xiangyu Xi, Xiangyuan Liu, Xiangzhou Huang, Xiao Liu, Xiaodong Cai, Xiaolong Chen, Xiaowei Shi, Xiaoyu Li, Xin Chen, Xingchen Liu, Xuan Huang, Xuezhi Cao, Xunliang Cai, Yan Chen, Yang Bai, Yang Liu, Yang Yang, Yang Zheng, Yanyu Chen, Yaoming Wang, Yaoming Zhu, Yaorui Shi, Yaqi Huo, Yerui Sun, Yi Zhang, Yi-Kai Zhang, Yifan Lu, Yifan Zhao, Yihao Chen, Yitao Zhai, Yongjing Yin, Yongwei Zhou, Youshao Xiao, Yu Wang, Yu Yang, Yuchen Xie, Yuchen Yu, Yuchuan Dai, Yue Xu, Yueqing Sun, Yufei Zhang, Yuhuai Wei, Yulei Qian, Yunfan Liang, Yunke Zhao, Yuwei Jiang, Yuxin Bian, Yuxin Chen, Yuxin Liu, Zeyang Yu, Zhao Yang, Zhengsheng Huang, Zhengyu Chen, Zhijian Liu, Zhikang Xia, Zhimin Lin, Zhiyuan Yao, Zhuofan Chen, Zhuowen Han, Zijian Zhang, Ziran Li, Ziwen Wang, Ziyuan Zhuang · 2026