Pair Correlation Conjecture for the zeros of the Riemann zeta-function II: The Alternative Hypothesis

In an earlier paper, we proved that Montgomery's Pair Correlation Conjecture (PCC) for zeros of the Riemann zeta-function can be used to prove without the assumption of the Riemann Hypothesis (RH) that asymptotically 100% of the zeros are both simple and on the critical line. This is based on a method of Gallagher and Mueller from 1978. We formulate an appropriate form of the Alternative Hypothesis (AH), which determines a different PCC, and, using the same method as above, prove that asymptotically, 100% of the zeros are both simple and on the critical line. As in our previous paper, we do not assume RH.

Daniel A. Goldston, Junghun Lee, Jordan Schettler, Ade Irma Suriajaya · 2025