Crystal Growth Rates from Molecular Liquids: The Kinetics of Entropy Loss

It has been established empirically that the rate of addition of molecules to the crystal during crystal growth from the melt is proportional to exp(-|{\Delta}S_fus|/R) where {\Delta}S_fus is the entropy of fusion. Here we show that this entropic slowdown arises directly from the separation of the entropy loss and energy loss processes associated with the freezing of the liquid. We present a theoretical treatment of the kinetics based on a model flat energy landscape and derive an explicit expression for the coupling magnitude in terms of the crystal-melt interfacial free energy. The implications of our work for nucleation kinetics are also discussed.

Richard K Bowles, Peter Harrowell · 2023