# Word Sense Disambiguation on WiC (test)

Source: [Word Sense Disambiguation on WiC (test)](<https://www.sota2.com/research/sota/word-sense-disambiguation-on-wic-test>)

Collection index: [llms.txt](<https://www.sota2.com/research/llms.txt>)

Data updated: 2026-06-01T08:37:56.081Z

Evaluation of Word Sense Disambiguation performance on the test set of the WiC dataset.

A research result applies to its stated dataset, split, metric and evaluation configuration. Compare like-for-like settings, preserve the metric's unit and direction, and distinguish paper-reported results from independent reproduction. The best result recorded here is not a claim of exhaustive, current global coverage.

| Scope | Recorded value |
| --- | --- |
| Task | Word Sense Disambiguation |
| Dataset (including any stated split) | WiC (test) |
| Metric | Accuracy |
| Unit | PERCENT |
| Direction | Higher is better |
| Results loaded | 34 of 34 |
| Coverage | All results currently returned for this benchmark |

Evaluation settings may differ between results. The original papers and recorded configurations are needed to establish comparability. A shared metric name alone does not establish an identical protocol.

## Metrics

- [Accuracy](<https://www.sota2.com/research/sota/word-sense-disambiguation-on-wic-test.md?metric=Accuracy>): Higher is better; unit: PERCENT.

## Recorded results

| Method | Accuracy | Result date | Report paper |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| ROBERTa-WL+ w/ COSINE | 85.3 | Not recorded | 68fa699a1e209131cea23031 |
| ROBERTa-WL+ w/ VAT | 79.5 | Not recorded | 68fa699a1e209131cea23031 |
| T5 + UDG | 77.9 | Not recorded | 68fa6bb61e209131cea2fcb1 |
| ROBERTa-WL+ w/ MT | 77.1 | Not recorded | 68fa699a1e209131cea23031 |
| T5 | 76.9 | Not recorded | 68fa699a1e209131cea23031 |
| ROBERTa-WL+ | 76.8 | Not recorded | 68fa699a1e209131cea23031 |
| SemEq-Large (+WSI) | 75.9 | Not recorded | 68fa6b171e209131cea2c152 |
| ROBERTa-WL+ w/ COSINE | 73.2 | Not recorded | 68fa699a1e209131cea23031 |
| BERT\_ARES | 72.2 | Not recorded | 68fa6b171e209131cea2c152 |
| SenseBERT\_Large | 72.1 | Not recorded | 68fa6b171e209131cea2c152 |
| T5-3B | 72.1 | Not recorded | 68fa6b171e209131cea2c152 |
| ROBERTa-WL+ w/ VAT | 71.2 | Not recorded | 68fa699a1e209131cea23031 |
| ROBERTa-WL+ w/ MT | 70.9 | Not recorded | 68fa699a1e209131cea23031 |
| KnowBERT\_W+W | 70.9 | Not recorded | 68fa6b171e209131cea2c152 |
| ROBERTa-WL+ | 70.2 | Not recorded | 68fa699a1e209131cea23031 |
| ROBERTa | 69.9 | Not recorded | 68fa699a1e209131cea23031 |
| RoBERTa\_Large | 69.9 | Not recorded | 68fa6b171e209131cea2c152 |
| BERT | 69.6 | Not recorded | 68fa699a1e209131cea23031 |
| BERT\_Large | 69.6 | Not recorded | 68fa6b171e209131cea2c152 |
| T5-Large | 69.3 | Not recorded | 68fa6b171e209131cea2c152 |
| ZoVH | 58.73 | Not recorded | 6a1d11e5dbd7150506f83e0e |
| MT-NLG | 58.46 | Not recorded | 68fa6bb61e209131cea2fcb1 |
| MeZO | 57.26 | Not recorded | 6a1d11e5dbd7150506f83e0e |
| HiZOO | 57.05 | Not recorded | 6a1d11e5dbd7150506f83e0e |
| ZoVH | 56.64 | Not recorded | 6a1d11e5dbd7150506f83e0e |
| ZoVH | 55.64 | Not recorded | 6a1d11e5dbd7150506f83e0e |
| GPT-3 | 55.3 | Not recorded | 68fa6bb61e209131cea2fcb1 |
| HiZOO | 54.75 | Not recorded | 6a1d11e5dbd7150506f83e0e |
| ZoVH | 54.34 | Not recorded | 6a1d11e5dbd7150506f83e0e |
| MeZO | 54.08 | Not recorded | 6a1d11e5dbd7150506f83e0e |
| MT-NLG | 51.25 | Not recorded | 68fa6bb61e209131cea2fcb1 |
| GPT-3 | 48.6 | Not recorded | 68fa6bb61e209131cea2fcb1 |
| MT-NLG | 48.59 | Not recorded | 68fa6bb61e209131cea2fcb1 |
| GPT-3 | 0 | Not recorded | 68fa6bb61e209131cea2fcb1 |

### ROBERTa-WL+ w/ COSINE

Accuracy: 85.3. Result ID: 698dc2e78b517eb4332390cf.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa699a1e209131cea23031.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa699a1e209131cea23031.md>)

[Implementation](<https://github.com/yueyu1030/COSINE>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Learning Setup":"Transductive","Number of Parameters":"125M","Access to weak labels":true}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### ROBERTa-WL+ w/ VAT

Accuracy: 79.5. Result ID: 698dc2e78b517eb4332390ce.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa699a1e209131cea23031.md>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Learning Setup":"Transductive","Number of Parameters":"125M","Access to weak labels":true}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### T5 + UDG

Accuracy: 77.9. Result ID: 698e9f8affc3901de09f3b4b.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa6bb61e209131cea2fcb1.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa6acc1e209131cea2a582.md>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"setting":"supervised"}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### ROBERTa-WL+ w/ MT

Accuracy: 77.1. Result ID: 698dc2e78b517eb4332390cd.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa699a1e209131cea23031.md>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Learning Setup":"Transductive","Number of Parameters":"125M","Access to weak labels":true}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### T5

Accuracy: 76.9. Result ID: 698dc2e78b517eb4332390c7.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa699a1e209131cea23031.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa709e1e209131cea4c470.md>)

[Implementation](<https://github.com/google-research/text-to-text-transfer-transformer>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Learning Setup":"Standard","Number of Parameters":"11,000M"}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### ROBERTa-WL+

Accuracy: 76.8. Result ID: 698dc2e78b517eb4332390cc.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa699a1e209131cea23031.md>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Learning Setup":"Transductive","Number of Parameters":"125M","Access to weak labels":true}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### SemEq-Large (+WSI)

Accuracy: 75.9. Result ID: 698e5847ffc3901de09ccfdc.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa6b171e209131cea2c152.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa6b171e209131cea2c152.md>)

[Implementation](<https://github.com/wenlinyao/EMNLP21-ConnectTheDots>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Parameters":"355M"}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### ROBERTa-WL+ w/ COSINE

Accuracy: 73.2. Result ID: 698dc2e78b517eb4332390cb.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa699a1e209131cea23031.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa699a1e209131cea23031.md>)

[Implementation](<https://github.com/yueyu1030/COSINE>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Learning Setup":"Semi-Supervised","Number of Parameters":"125M","Access to weak labels":true}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### BERT\_ARES

Accuracy: 72.2. Result ID: 698e5847ffc3901de09ccfdb.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa6b171e209131cea2c152.md>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Parameters":"342M"}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### SenseBERT\_Large

Accuracy: 72.1. Result ID: 698e5847ffc3901de09ccfd8.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa6b171e209131cea2c152.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa67891e209131cea16c24.md>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Parameters":"380M"}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### T5-3B

Accuracy: 72.1. Result ID: 698e5847ffc3901de09ccfda.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa6b171e209131cea2c152.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa709e1e209131cea4c470.md>)

[Implementation](<https://github.com/google-research/text-to-text-transfer-transformer>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Parameters":"3000M"}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### ROBERTa-WL+ w/ VAT

Accuracy: 71.2. Result ID: 698dc2e78b517eb4332390ca.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa699a1e209131cea23031.md>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Learning Setup":"Semi-Supervised","Number of Parameters":"125M","Access to weak labels":true}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### ROBERTa-WL+ w/ MT

Accuracy: 70.9. Result ID: 698dc2e78b517eb4332390c9.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa699a1e209131cea23031.md>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Learning Setup":"Semi-Supervised","Number of Parameters":"125M","Access to weak labels":true}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### KnowBERT\_W+W

Accuracy: 70.9. Result ID: 698e5847ffc3901de09ccfd7.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa6b171e209131cea2c152.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa66991e209131cea1144d.md>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Parameters":"523M"}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### ROBERTa-WL+

Accuracy: 70.2. Result ID: 698dc2e78b517eb4332390c8.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa699a1e209131cea23031.md>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Learning Setup":"Semi-Supervised","Number of Parameters":"125M","Access to weak labels":true}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### ROBERTa

Accuracy: 69.9. Result ID: 698dc2e78b517eb4332390c6.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa699a1e209131cea23031.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa66131e209131cea0e18b.md>)

[Implementation](<https://github.com/pytorch/fairseq>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Learning Setup":"Standard","Number of Parameters":"356M"}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### RoBERTa\_Large

Accuracy: 69.9. Result ID: 698e5847ffc3901de09ccfd6.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa6b171e209131cea2c152.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa66131e209131cea0e18b.md>)

[Implementation](<https://github.com/pytorch/fairseq>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Parameters":"355M"}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### BERT

Accuracy: 69.6. Result ID: 698dc2e78b517eb4332390c5.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa699a1e209131cea23031.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa65c31e209131cea0c4ed.md>)

[Implementation](<https://github.com/google-research/bert>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Learning Setup":"Standard","Number of Parameters":"335M"}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### BERT\_Large

Accuracy: 69.6. Result ID: 698e5847ffc3901de09ccfd5.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa6b171e209131cea2c152.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa65c31e209131cea0c4ed.md>)

[Implementation](<https://github.com/google-research/bert>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Parameters":"340M"}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### T5-Large

Accuracy: 69.3. Result ID: 698e5847ffc3901de09ccfd9.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa6b171e209131cea2c152.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa709e1e209131cea4c470.md>)

[Implementation](<https://github.com/google-research/text-to-text-transfer-transformer>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Parameters":"770M"}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### ZoVH

Accuracy: 58.73. Result ID: 6a1d44d1fbc373592c167e58.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/6a1d11e5dbd7150506f83e0e.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/6a1d11e5dbd7150506f83e0e.md>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Model":"OPT-1.3B","N":"1","Forward pass budget":"10,000"}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### MT-NLG

Accuracy: 58.46. Result ID: 698e9f8affc3901de09f3b4a.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa6bb61e209131cea2fcb1.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa6bb61e209131cea2fcb1.md>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"setting":"few-shot"}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### MeZO

Accuracy: 57.26. Result ID: 6a1d44d1fbc373592c167e56.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/6a1d11e5dbd7150506f83e0e.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa71d41e209131cea5338c.md>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Model":"OPT-1.3B","Forward pass budget":"10,000"}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### HiZOO

Accuracy: 57.05. Result ID: 6a1d44d1fbc373592c167e57.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/6a1d11e5dbd7150506f83e0e.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa76ff1e209131cea705e5.md>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Model":"OPT-1.3B","Forward pass budget":"10,000"}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### ZoVH

Accuracy: 56.64. Result ID: 6a1d44d1fbc373592c167e59.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/6a1d11e5dbd7150506f83e0e.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/6a1d11e5dbd7150506f83e0e.md>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Model":"OPT-1.3B","N":"2","Forward pass budget":"10,000"}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### ZoVH

Accuracy: 55.64. Result ID: 6a1d44d1fbc373592c167e5d.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/6a1d11e5dbd7150506f83e0e.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/6a1d11e5dbd7150506f83e0e.md>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Model":"OPT-13B","N":"2","Forward pass budget":"10,000"}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### GPT-3

Accuracy: 55.3. Result ID: 698e9f8affc3901de09f3b47.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa6bb61e209131cea2fcb1.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa680c1e209131cea19d53.md>)

[Implementation](<https://github.com/openai/gpt-3/blob/master/overlap_frequency.md>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"setting":"few-shot"}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### HiZOO

Accuracy: 54.75. Result ID: 6a1d44d1fbc373592c167e5b.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/6a1d11e5dbd7150506f83e0e.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa76ff1e209131cea705e5.md>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Model":"OPT-13B","Forward pass budget":"10,000"}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### ZoVH

Accuracy: 54.34. Result ID: 6a1d44d1fbc373592c167e5c.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/6a1d11e5dbd7150506f83e0e.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/6a1d11e5dbd7150506f83e0e.md>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Model":"OPT-13B","N":"1","Forward pass budget":"10,000"}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### MeZO

Accuracy: 54.08. Result ID: 6a1d44d1fbc373592c167e5a.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/6a1d11e5dbd7150506f83e0e.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa71d41e209131cea5338c.md>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Model":"OPT-13B","Forward pass budget":"10,000"}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### MT-NLG

Accuracy: 51.25. Result ID: 698e9f8affc3901de09f3b49.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa6bb61e209131cea2fcb1.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa6bb61e209131cea2fcb1.md>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"setting":"one-shot"}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### GPT-3

Accuracy: 48.6. Result ID: 698e9f8affc3901de09f3b46.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa6bb61e209131cea2fcb1.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa680c1e209131cea19d53.md>)

[Implementation](<https://github.com/openai/gpt-3/blob/master/overlap_frequency.md>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"setting":"one-shot"}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### MT-NLG

Accuracy: 48.59. Result ID: 698e9f8affc3901de09f3b48.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa6bb61e209131cea2fcb1.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa6bb61e209131cea2fcb1.md>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"setting":"zero-shot"}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### GPT-3

Accuracy: 0. Result ID: 698e9f8affc3901de09f3b45.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa6bb61e209131cea2fcb1.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa680c1e209131cea19d53.md>)

[Implementation](<https://github.com/openai/gpt-3/blob/master/overlap_frequency.md>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"setting":"zero-shot"}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

Page 1 of 1. This is an index page, not the full collection.
