# Watermark Detection on VoxPopuli-100k Scenario T1

Source: [Watermark Detection on VoxPopuli-100k Scenario T1](<https://www.sota2.com/research/sota/watermark-detection-on-voxpopuli-100k-scenario-t1>)

Collection index: [llms.txt](<https://www.sota2.com/research/llms.txt>)

Data updated: 2026-06-16T07:38:42.661Z

Evaluation of Watermark Detection performance on the VoxPopuli-100k Scenario T1 dataset, reporting metrics such as AUC.

A research result applies to its stated dataset, split, metric and evaluation configuration. Compare like-for-like settings, preserve the metric's unit and direction, and distinguish paper-reported results from independent reproduction. The best result recorded here is not a claim of exhaustive, current global coverage.

| Scope | Recorded value |
| --- | --- |
| Task | Watermark Detection |
| Dataset (including any stated split) | VoxPopuli-100k Scenario T1 |
| Metric | AUC |
| Unit | PERCENT |
| Direction | Higher is better |
| Results loaded | 34 of 34 |
| Coverage | All results currently returned for this benchmark |

Evaluation settings may differ between results. The original papers and recorded configurations are needed to establish comparability. A shared metric name alone does not establish an identical protocol.

## Metrics

- [AUC](<https://www.sota2.com/research/sota/watermark-detection-on-voxpopuli-100k-scenario-t1.md?metric=AUC>): Higher is better; unit: PERCENT.

- [F1 Score](<https://www.sota2.com/research/sota/watermark-detection-on-voxpopuli-100k-scenario-t1.md?metric=F1%20Score>): Higher is better; unit: PERCENT.

## Recorded results

| Method | AUC | Result date | Report paper |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| AudioSeal | 100 | Not recorded | 6a02b428dbc836b87d824730 |
| AudioSeal | 100 | Not recorded | 6a02b428dbc836b87d824730 |
| AudioSeal | 100 | Not recorded | 6a02b428dbc836b87d824730 |
| AudioSeal | 100 | Not recorded | 6a02b428dbc836b87d824730 |
| AudioSeal | 100 | Not recorded | 6a02b428dbc836b87d824730 |
| AudioSeal | 100 | Not recorded | 6a02b428dbc836b87d824730 |
| AudioSeal | 100 | Not recorded | 6a02b428dbc836b87d824730 |
| AudioSeal | 100 | Not recorded | 6a02b428dbc836b87d824730 |
| AudioSeal | 100 | Not recorded | 6a02b428dbc836b87d824730 |
| AudioSeal | 99.9 | Not recorded | 6a02b428dbc836b87d824730 |
| AudioSeal | 99.8 | Not recorded | 6a02b428dbc836b87d824730 |
| LSS | 99.7 | Not recorded | 6a02b428dbc836b87d824730 |
| LSS | 99.6 | Not recorded | 6a02b428dbc836b87d824730 |
| LSS | 99.5 | Not recorded | 6a02b428dbc836b87d824730 |
| LSS | 99.4 | Not recorded | 6a02b428dbc836b87d824730 |
| LSS | 99.3 | Not recorded | 6a02b428dbc836b87d824730 |
| LSS | 98.1 | Not recorded | 6a02b428dbc836b87d824730 |
| LSS | 97.4 | Not recorded | 6a02b428dbc836b87d824730 |
| AudioSeal | 97.2 | Not recorded | 6a02b428dbc836b87d824730 |
| LSS | 96.5 | Not recorded | 6a02b428dbc836b87d824730 |
| LSS | 95.6 | Not recorded | 6a02b428dbc836b87d824730 |
| LSS | 95.6 | Not recorded | 6a02b428dbc836b87d824730 |
| LSS | 94.8 | Not recorded | 6a02b428dbc836b87d824730 |
| LSS | 87.3 | Not recorded | 6a02b428dbc836b87d824730 |
| LSS | 80.3 | Not recorded | 6a02b428dbc836b87d824730 |
| AudioWMD | 77.15 | Not recorded | 6a30d876d33dfb23e783cb59 |
| AudioSeal | 67.8 | Not recorded | 6a02b428dbc836b87d824730 |
| AudioWMD | 63.82 | Not recorded | 6a30d876d33dfb23e783cb59 |
| WMD | 57.09 | Not recorded | 6a30d876d33dfb23e783cb59 |
| AudioWMD | 56.73 | Not recorded | 6a30d876d33dfb23e783cb59 |
| AudioWMD | 54.33 | Not recorded | 6a30d876d33dfb23e783cb59 |
| WMD | 52.81 | Not recorded | 6a30d876d33dfb23e783cb59 |
| WMD | 51.28 | Not recorded | 6a30d876d33dfb23e783cb59 |
| WMD | 48.63 | Not recorded | 6a30d876d33dfb23e783cb59 |

### AudioSeal

AUC: 100. Result ID: 6a02e58447f34ce924e5ac73.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/6a02b428dbc836b87d824730.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa738b1e209131cea5d18d.md>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Manipulation":"None","Configuration":"–"}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### AudioSeal

AUC: 100. Result ID: 6a02e58447f34ce924e5ac77.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/6a02b428dbc836b87d824730.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa738b1e209131cea5d18d.md>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Manipulation":"Lowpass","Configuration":"fc = 1.5 kHz"}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### AudioSeal

AUC: 100. Result ID: 6a02e58447f34ce924e5ac79.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/6a02b428dbc836b87d824730.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa738b1e209131cea5d18d.md>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Manipulation":"Highpass","Configuration":"fc = 1 kHz"}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### AudioSeal

AUC: 100. Result ID: 6a02e58447f34ce924e5ac7b.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/6a02b428dbc836b87d824730.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa738b1e209131cea5d18d.md>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Manipulation":"Highpass","Configuration":"fc = 1.5 kHz"}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### AudioSeal

AUC: 100. Result ID: 6a02e58447f34ce924e5ac7d.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/6a02b428dbc836b87d824730.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa738b1e209131cea5d18d.md>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Manipulation":"Bandpass","Configuration":"500 Hz – 5 kHz"}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### AudioSeal

AUC: 100. Result ID: 6a02e58447f34ce924e5ac7f.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/6a02b428dbc836b87d824730.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa738b1e209131cea5d18d.md>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Manipulation":"MP3","Configuration":"32 kbps"}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### AudioSeal

AUC: 100. Result ID: 6a02e58447f34ce924e5ac81.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/6a02b428dbc836b87d824730.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa738b1e209131cea5d18d.md>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Manipulation":"Resample","Configuration":"\[24 → 16 → 24\] kHz"}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### AudioSeal

AUC: 100. Result ID: 6a02e58447f34ce924e5ac85.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/6a02b428dbc836b87d824730.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa738b1e209131cea5d18d.md>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Manipulation":"White Noise","Configuration":"SNR = 20 dB"}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### AudioSeal

AUC: 100. Result ID: 6a02e58447f34ce924e5ac89.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/6a02b428dbc836b87d824730.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa738b1e209131cea5d18d.md>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Manipulation":"Pink Noise","Configuration":"SNR = 20 dB"}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### AudioSeal

AUC: 99.9. Result ID: 6a02e58447f34ce924e5ac87.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/6a02b428dbc836b87d824730.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa738b1e209131cea5d18d.md>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Manipulation":"Pink Noise","Configuration":"SNR = 5 dB"}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### AudioSeal

AUC: 99.8. Result ID: 6a02e58447f34ce924e5ac83.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/6a02b428dbc836b87d824730.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa738b1e209131cea5d18d.md>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Manipulation":"White Noise","Configuration":"SNR = 5 dB"}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### LSS

AUC: 99.7. Result ID: 6a02e58447f34ce924e5ac80.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/6a02b428dbc836b87d824730.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/6a02b428dbc836b87d824730.md>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Manipulation":"Resample","Configuration":"\[24 → 16 → 24\] kHz"}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### LSS

AUC: 99.6. Result ID: 6a02e58447f34ce924e5ac72.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/6a02b428dbc836b87d824730.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/6a02b428dbc836b87d824730.md>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Manipulation":"None","Configuration":"–"}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### LSS

AUC: 99.5. Result ID: 6a02e58447f34ce924e5ac7e.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/6a02b428dbc836b87d824730.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/6a02b428dbc836b87d824730.md>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Manipulation":"MP3","Configuration":"32 kbps"}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### LSS

AUC: 99.4. Result ID: 6a02e58447f34ce924e5ac88.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/6a02b428dbc836b87d824730.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/6a02b428dbc836b87d824730.md>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Manipulation":"Pink Noise","Configuration":"SNR = 20 dB"}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### LSS

AUC: 99.3. Result ID: 6a02e58447f34ce924e5ac84.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/6a02b428dbc836b87d824730.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/6a02b428dbc836b87d824730.md>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Manipulation":"White Noise","Configuration":"SNR = 20 dB"}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### LSS

AUC: 98.1. Result ID: 6a02e58447f34ce924e5ac76.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/6a02b428dbc836b87d824730.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/6a02b428dbc836b87d824730.md>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Manipulation":"Lowpass","Configuration":"fc = 1.5 kHz"}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### LSS

AUC: 97.4. Result ID: 6a02e58447f34ce924e5ac7c.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/6a02b428dbc836b87d824730.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/6a02b428dbc836b87d824730.md>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Manipulation":"Bandpass","Configuration":"500 Hz – 5 kHz"}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### AudioSeal

AUC: 97.2. Result ID: 6a02e58447f34ce924e5ac8b.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/6a02b428dbc836b87d824730.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa738b1e209131cea5d18d.md>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Manipulation":"Average","Configuration":null}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### LSS

AUC: 96.5. Result ID: 6a02e58447f34ce924e5ac74.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/6a02b428dbc836b87d824730.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/6a02b428dbc836b87d824730.md>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Manipulation":"Lowpass","Configuration":"fc = 1 kHz"}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### LSS

AUC: 95.6. Result ID: 6a02e58447f34ce924e5ac86.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/6a02b428dbc836b87d824730.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/6a02b428dbc836b87d824730.md>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Manipulation":"Pink Noise","Configuration":"SNR = 5 dB"}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### LSS

AUC: 95.6. Result ID: 6a02e58447f34ce924e5ac8a.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/6a02b428dbc836b87d824730.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/6a02b428dbc836b87d824730.md>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Manipulation":"Average","Configuration":null}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### LSS

AUC: 94.8. Result ID: 6a02e58447f34ce924e5ac82.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/6a02b428dbc836b87d824730.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/6a02b428dbc836b87d824730.md>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Manipulation":"White Noise","Configuration":"SNR = 5 dB"}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### LSS

AUC: 87.3. Result ID: 6a02e58447f34ce924e5ac78.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/6a02b428dbc836b87d824730.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/6a02b428dbc836b87d824730.md>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Manipulation":"Highpass","Configuration":"fc = 1 kHz"}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### LSS

AUC: 80.3. Result ID: 6a02e58447f34ce924e5ac7a.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/6a02b428dbc836b87d824730.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/6a02b428dbc836b87d824730.md>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Manipulation":"Highpass","Configuration":"fc = 1.5 kHz"}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### AudioWMD

AUC: 77.15. Result ID: 6a30fd78fbc373592c2ce7a3.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/6a30d876d33dfb23e783cb59.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/6a30d876d33dfb23e783cb59.md>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Category":"White-box"}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### AudioSeal

AUC: 67.8. Result ID: 6a02e58447f34ce924e5ac75.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/6a02b428dbc836b87d824730.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa738b1e209131cea5d18d.md>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Manipulation":"Lowpass","Configuration":"fc = 1 kHz"}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### AudioWMD

AUC: 63.82. Result ID: 6a30fd78fbc373592c2ce7a1.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/6a30d876d33dfb23e783cb59.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/6a30d876d33dfb23e783cb59.md>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Category":"Clean"}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### WMD

AUC: 57.09. Result ID: 6a30fd78fbc373592c2ce79d.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/6a30d876d33dfb23e783cb59.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa72bc1e209131cea5841e.md>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Category":"Clean"}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### AudioWMD

AUC: 56.73. Result ID: 6a30fd78fbc373592c2ce7a0.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/6a30d876d33dfb23e783cb59.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/6a30d876d33dfb23e783cb59.md>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Category":"Overall"}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### AudioWMD

AUC: 54.33. Result ID: 6a30fd78fbc373592c2ce7a2.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/6a30d876d33dfb23e783cb59.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/6a30d876d33dfb23e783cb59.md>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Category":"No-box (Avg)"}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### WMD

AUC: 52.81. Result ID: 6a30fd78fbc373592c2ce79c.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/6a30d876d33dfb23e783cb59.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa72bc1e209131cea5841e.md>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Category":"Overall"}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### WMD

AUC: 51.28. Result ID: 6a30fd78fbc373592c2ce79e.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/6a30d876d33dfb23e783cb59.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa72bc1e209131cea5841e.md>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Category":"No-box (Avg)"}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### WMD

AUC: 48.63. Result ID: 6a30fd78fbc373592c2ce79f.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/6a30d876d33dfb23e783cb59.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa72bc1e209131cea5841e.md>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Category":"White-box"}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

Page 1 of 1. This is an index page, not the full collection.
