# Unconditional Image Modeling on ImageNet 64x64

Source: [Unconditional Image Modeling on ImageNet 64x64](<https://www.sota2.com/research/sota/unconditional-image-modeling-on-imagenet-64x64>)

Collection index: [llms.txt](<https://www.sota2.com/research/llms.txt>)

Data updated: 2026-02-26T05:37:51.755Z

Evaluation of unconditional image modeling performance (density estimation or likelihood) on the ImageNet dataset downsampled to 64x64 resolution, typically measured using bits/dim.

A research result applies to its stated dataset, split, metric and evaluation configuration. Compare like-for-like settings, preserve the metric's unit and direction, and distinguish paper-reported results from independent reproduction. The best result recorded here is not a claim of exhaustive, current global coverage.

| Scope | Recorded value |
| --- | --- |
| Task | Unconditional image modeling |
| Dataset (including any stated split) | ImageNet 64x64 |
| Metric | Bits/Dim |
| Unit | SCALAR |
| Direction | Lower is better |
| Results loaded | 17 of 17 |
| Coverage | All results currently returned for this benchmark |

Evaluation settings may differ between results. The original papers and recorded configurations are needed to establish comparability. A shared metric name alone does not establish an identical protocol.

## Metrics

- [Bits/Dim](<https://www.sota2.com/research/sota/unconditional-image-modeling-on-imagenet-64x64.md?metric=Bits%2FDim>): Lower is better; unit: SCALAR.

## Recorded results

| Method | Bits/Dim | Result date | Report paper |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Routing Transformer | 3.43 | Not recorded | 68fa694d1e209131cea215bb |
| Sparse Transformer | 3.44 | Not recorded | 68fa694d1e209131cea215bb |
| Image Transformer | 3.48 | Not recorded | 68fa694d1e209131cea215bb |
| PixelSNAIL | 3.52 | Not recorded | 68fa65be1e209131cea0c11d |
| SPN | 3.52 | Not recorded | 68fa694d1e209131cea215bb |
| Very Deep VAE | 3.52 | Not recorded | 68fa694d1e209131cea215bb |
| PixelSNAIL | 3.52 | Not recorded | 68fa694d1e209131cea215bb |
| Improved DDPM | 3.53 | Not recorded | 68fa694d1e209131cea215bb |
| Gated PixelCNN | 3.57 | Not recorded | 68fa65be1e209131cea0c11d |
| PixelCNN | 3.57 | Not recorded | 68fa694d1e209131cea215bb |
| PixelRNN | 3.63 | Not recorded | 68fa65be1e209131cea0c11d |
| Flow++ | 3.69 | Not recorded | 68fa65be1e209131cea0c11d |
| Flow++ | 3.69 | Not recorded | 68fa694d1e209131cea215bb |
| Multiscale PixelCNN | 3.7 | Not recorded | 68fa65be1e209131cea0c11d |
| DDPM | 3.77 | Not recorded | 68fa694d1e209131cea215bb |
| Glow | 3.81 | Not recorded | 68fa65be1e209131cea0c11d |
| Glow | 3.81 | Not recorded | 68fa694d1e209131cea215bb |

### Routing Transformer

Bits/Dim: 3.43. Result ID: 698da2f68b517eb43322d003.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa694d1e209131cea215bb.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa68a21e209131cea1d4a0.md>)

[Implementation](<https://github.com/google-research/google-research/tree/master/routing_transformer>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: Not recorded. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### Sparse Transformer

Bits/Dim: 3.44. Result ID: 698da2f68b517eb43322d002.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa694d1e209131cea215bb.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa65aa1e209131cea0bc26.md>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: Not recorded. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### Image Transformer

Bits/Dim: 3.48. Result ID: 698da2f68b517eb43322d001.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa694d1e209131cea215bb.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa64831e209131cea050c0.md>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: Not recorded. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### PixelSNAIL

Bits/Dim: 3.52. Result ID: 698cc5518b517eb4331c9f8c.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa65be1e209131cea0c11d.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa63e81e209131cea015ac.md>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Model family":"Autoregressive"}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### SPN

Bits/Dim: 3.52. Result ID: 698da2f68b517eb43322cffe.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa694d1e209131cea215bb.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa651c1e209131cea086a4.md>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: Not recorded. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### Very Deep VAE

Bits/Dim: 3.52. Result ID: 698da2f68b517eb43322cfff.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa694d1e209131cea215bb.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa69931e209131cea22c7a.md>)

[Implementation](<https://github.com/openai/vdvae>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: Not recorded. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### PixelSNAIL

Bits/Dim: 3.52. Result ID: 698da2f68b517eb43322d000.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa694d1e209131cea215bb.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa63e81e209131cea015ac.md>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: Not recorded. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### Improved DDPM

Bits/Dim: 3.53. Result ID: 698da2f68b517eb43322d005.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa694d1e209131cea215bb.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa694d1e209131cea215bb.md>)

[Implementation](<https://github.com/openai/improved-diffusion>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: Not recorded. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### Gated PixelCNN

Bits/Dim: 3.57. Result ID: 698cc5518b517eb4331c9f8b.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa65be1e209131cea0c11d.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa629e1e209131ce9fa3c3.md>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Model family":"Autoregressive"}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### PixelCNN

Bits/Dim: 3.57. Result ID: 698da2f68b517eb43322cffd.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa694d1e209131cea215bb.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa629e1e209131ce9fa3c3.md>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: Not recorded. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### PixelRNN

Bits/Dim: 3.63. Result ID: 698cc5518b517eb4331c9f8a.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa65be1e209131cea0c11d.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa62b81e209131ce9fad7e.md>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Model family":"Autoregressive"}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### Flow++

Bits/Dim: 3.69. Result ID: 698cc5518b517eb4331c9f88.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa65be1e209131cea0c11d.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa65be1e209131cea0c11d.md>)

[Implementation](<https://github.com/aravindsrinivas/flowpp>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Model family":"Non-autoregressive"}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### Flow++

Bits/Dim: 3.69. Result ID: 698da2f68b517eb43322cffc.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa694d1e209131cea215bb.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa65be1e209131cea0c11d.md>)

[Implementation](<https://github.com/aravindsrinivas/flowpp>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: Not recorded. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### Multiscale PixelCNN

Bits/Dim: 3.7. Result ID: 698cc5518b517eb4331c9f89.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa65be1e209131cea0c11d.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa632f1e209131ce9fd244.md>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Model family":"Autoregressive"}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### DDPM

Bits/Dim: 3.77. Result ID: 698da2f68b517eb43322d004.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa694d1e209131cea215bb.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa68ef1e209131cea1f0d5.md>)

[Implementation](<https://github.com/hojonathanho/diffusion>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: Not recorded. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### Glow

Bits/Dim: 3.81. Result ID: 698cc5518b517eb4331c9f87.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa65be1e209131cea0c11d.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa649e1e209131cea05a05.md>)

[Implementation](<https://github.com/openai/glow>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Model family":"Non-autoregressive"}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### Glow

Bits/Dim: 3.81. Result ID: 698da2f68b517eb43322cffb.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa694d1e209131cea215bb.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa649e1e209131cea05a05.md>)

[Implementation](<https://github.com/openai/glow>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: Not recorded. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

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