ResearchBenchmarksSolving Heat Equation on HeatNDFollow0.001Relative L2 ErrorFNN-PINN0.0007160.0029030.005090.007277Jun 18, 2026Evaluation ResultsMethodMethodLinksRelative L2 ErrorPercentage ImprovementFNN-PINN2026.060.001—SEA-PINN2026.060.009112.05