# Safe Reinforcement Learning on OPF with Battery Energy Storage

Source: [Safe Reinforcement Learning on OPF with Battery Energy Storage](<https://www.sota2.com/research/sota/safe-reinforcement-learning-on-opf-with-battery-energy-storage>)

Collection index: [llms.txt](<https://www.sota2.com/research/llms.txt>)

Data updated: 2026-02-26T06:07:37.059Z

Evaluation of Safe Reinforcement Learning agents on the OPF (Optimal Power Flow) environment tailored for Battery Energy Storage systems, focusing on training efficiency.

A research result applies to its stated dataset, split, metric and evaluation configuration. Compare like-for-like settings, preserve the metric's unit and direction, and distinguish paper-reported results from independent reproduction. The best result recorded here is not a claim of exhaustive, current global coverage.

| Scope | Recorded value |
| --- | --- |
| Task | Safe Reinforcement Learning |
| Dataset (including any stated split) | OPF with Battery Energy Storage |
| Metric | Training Time (s) |
| Unit | TIME |
| Direction | Lower is better |
| Results loaded | 7 of 7 |
| Coverage | All results currently returned for this benchmark |

Evaluation settings may differ between results. The original papers and recorded configurations are needed to establish comparability. A shared metric name alone does not establish an identical protocol.

## Metrics

- [Training Time (s)](<https://www.sota2.com/research/sota/safe-reinforcement-learning-on-opf-with-battery-energy-storage.md?metric=Training%20Time%20(s)>): Lower is better; unit: TIME.

## Recorded results

| Method | Training Time (s) | Result date | Report paper |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| CUP | 239.4 | Not recorded | 68fa71a91e209131cea5263a |
| CPO | 288.8 | Not recorded | 68fa71a91e209131cea5263a |
| DDPG-L | 498.9 | Not recorded | 68fa71a91e209131cea5263a |
| SAC-L | 892.7 | Not recorded | 68fa71a91e209131cea5263a |
| RPO-DDPG | 4462.1 | Not recorded | 68fa71a91e209131cea5263a |
| RPO-SAC | 4828.4 | Not recorded | 68fa71a91e209131cea5263a |
| Safety Layer | 6395 | Not recorded | 68fa71a91e209131cea5263a |

### CUP

Training Time (s): 239.4. Result ID: 6991d9a23a6c3148490afaaf.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa71a91e209131cea5263a.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa6dd91e209131cea3c676.md>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: Not recorded. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### CPO

Training Time (s): 288.8. Result ID: 6991d9a23a6c3148490afaae.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa71a91e209131cea5263a.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa63691e209131ce9fe8ff.md>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: Not recorded. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### DDPG-L

Training Time (s): 498.9. Result ID: 6991d9a23a6c3148490afab1.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa71a91e209131cea5263a.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa71a91e209131cea5263a.md>)

[Implementation](<https://github.com/wadx2019/rpo>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: Not recorded. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### SAC-L

Training Time (s): 892.7. Result ID: 6991d9a23a6c3148490afab2.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa71a91e209131cea5263a.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa71a91e209131cea5263a.md>)

[Implementation](<https://github.com/wadx2019/rpo>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: Not recorded. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### RPO-DDPG

Training Time (s): 4462.1. Result ID: 6991d9a23a6c3148490afab3.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa71a91e209131cea5263a.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa71a91e209131cea5263a.md>)

[Implementation](<https://github.com/wadx2019/rpo>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: Not recorded. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### RPO-SAC

Training Time (s): 4828.4. Result ID: 6991d9a23a6c3148490afab4.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa71a91e209131cea5263a.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa71a91e209131cea5263a.md>)

[Implementation](<https://github.com/wadx2019/rpo>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: Not recorded. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### Safety Layer

Training Time (s): 6395. Result ID: 6991d9a23a6c3148490afab0.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa71a91e209131cea5263a.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa63f31e209131cea01be6.md>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: Not recorded. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

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