# Quadratic Multiple Knapsack Problem on QMKP 10k

Source: [Quadratic Multiple Knapsack Problem on QMKP 10k](<https://www.sota2.com/research/sota/quadratic-multiple-knapsack-problem-on-qmkp-10k>)

Collection index: [llms.txt](<https://www.sota2.com/research/llms.txt>)

Data updated: 2026-03-23T11:07:11.319Z

Evaluation of algorithms solving the Quadratic Multiple Knapsack Problem using the QMKP 10k instance set, measured by optimality gap percentage (gap%).

A research result applies to its stated dataset, split, metric and evaluation configuration. Compare like-for-like settings, preserve the metric's unit and direction, and distinguish paper-reported results from independent reproduction. The best result recorded here is not a claim of exhaustive, current global coverage.

| Scope | Recorded value |
| --- | --- |
| Task | Quadratic Multiple Knapsack Problem |
| Dataset (including any stated split) | QMKP 10k |
| Metric | Optimality Gap (%) |
| Unit | PERCENT |
| Direction | Lower is better |
| Results loaded | 26 of 26 |
| Coverage | All results currently returned for this benchmark |

Evaluation settings may differ between results. The original papers and recorded configurations are needed to establish comparability. A shared metric name alone does not establish an identical protocol.

## Metrics

- [Optimality Gap (%)](<https://www.sota2.com/research/sota/quadratic-multiple-knapsack-problem-on-qmkp-10k.md?metric=Optimality%20Gap%20(%25)>): Lower is better; unit: PERCENT.

## Recorded results

| Method | Optimality Gap (%) | Result date | Report paper |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Neural QP | 0.03 | Not recorded | 69c0c9030636e5bf4afc3b6f |
| GNNQP | 0.03 | Not recorded | 69c0c9030636e5bf4afc3b6f |
| HNN | 0.03 | Not recorded | 69c0c9030636e5bf4afc3b6f |
| HNN | 0.03 | Not recorded | 69c0c9030636e5bf4afc3b6f |
| Neural QP | 0.04 | Not recorded | 69c0c9030636e5bf4afc3b6f |
| Neural QP | 0.04 | Not recorded | 69c0c9030636e5bf4afc3b6f |
| TriGNN | 0.04 | Not recorded | 69c0c9030636e5bf4afc3b6f |
| TriGNN | 0.04 | Not recorded | 69c0c9030636e5bf4afc3b6f |
| TriGNN | 0.04 | Not recorded | 69c0c9030636e5bf4afc3b6f |
| HNN | 0.04 | Not recorded | 69c0c9030636e5bf4afc3b6f |
| HNN | 16.79 | Not recorded | 69c0c9030636e5bf4afc3b6f |
| TriGNN | 17.25 | Not recorded | 69c0c9030636e5bf4afc3b6f |
| Neural QP | 17.41 | Not recorded | 69c0c9030636e5bf4afc3b6f |
| HNN | 17.45 | Not recorded | 69c0c9030636e5bf4afc3b6f |
| Neural QP | 17.9 | Not recorded | 69c0c9030636e5bf4afc3b6f |
| GNNQP | 17.9 | Not recorded | 69c0c9030636e5bf4afc3b6f |
| HNN | 17.93 | Not recorded | 69c0c9030636e5bf4afc3b6f |
| TriGNN | 18.26 | Not recorded | 69c0c9030636e5bf4afc3b6f |
| TriGNN | 18.77 | Not recorded | 69c0c9030636e5bf4afc3b6f |
| Neural QP | 19.44 | Not recorded | 69c0c9030636e5bf4afc3b6f |
| Exact solver | 26.69 | Not recorded | 69c0c9030636e5bf4afc3b6f |
| Exact solver | 27.61 | Not recorded | 69c0c9030636e5bf4afc3b6f |
| GNNQP | 31.12 | Not recorded | 69c0c9030636e5bf4afc3b6f |
| GNNQP | 38.09 | Not recorded | 69c0c9030636e5bf4afc3b6f |
| GNNQP | 38.95 | Not recorded | 69c0c9030636e5bf4afc3b6f |
| GNNQP | 39.05 | Not recorded | 69c0c9030636e5bf4afc3b6f |

### Neural QP

Optimality Gap (%): 0.03. Result ID: 69c11eda47f34ce924a975a8.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/69c0c9030636e5bf4afc3b6f.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa5c601e209131ce9d0714.md>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Train":"Mini","Base solver":"Gurobi"}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### GNNQP

Optimality Gap (%): 0.03. Result ID: 69c11eda47f34ce924a975ae.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/69c0c9030636e5bf4afc3b6f.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa5e471e209131ce9e0eae.md>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Train":"Mini","Base solver":"Gurobi"}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### HNN

Optimality Gap (%): 0.03. Result ID: 69c11eda47f34ce924a975ba.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/69c0c9030636e5bf4afc3b6f.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/69c0c9030636e5bf4afc3b6f.md>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Train":"Mini","Base solver":"Gurobi"}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### HNN

Optimality Gap (%): 0.03. Result ID: 69c11eda47f34ce924a975be.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/69c0c9030636e5bf4afc3b6f.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/69c0c9030636e5bf4afc3b6f.md>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Train":"2k","Base solver":"Gurobi"}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### Neural QP

Optimality Gap (%): 0.04. Result ID: 69c11eda47f34ce924a975aa.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/69c0c9030636e5bf4afc3b6f.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa5c601e209131ce9d0714.md>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Train":"1k","Base solver":"Gurobi"}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### Neural QP

Optimality Gap (%): 0.04. Result ID: 69c11eda47f34ce924a975ac.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/69c0c9030636e5bf4afc3b6f.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa5c601e209131ce9d0714.md>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Train":"2k","Base solver":"Gurobi"}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### TriGNN

Optimality Gap (%): 0.04. Result ID: 69c11eda47f34ce924a975b4.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/69c0c9030636e5bf4afc3b6f.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa5cd51e209131ce9d4986.md>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Train":"Mini","Base solver":"Gurobi"}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### TriGNN

Optimality Gap (%): 0.04. Result ID: 69c11eda47f34ce924a975b6.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/69c0c9030636e5bf4afc3b6f.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa5cd51e209131ce9d4986.md>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Train":"1k","Base solver":"Gurobi"}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### TriGNN

Optimality Gap (%): 0.04. Result ID: 69c11eda47f34ce924a975b8.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/69c0c9030636e5bf4afc3b6f.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa5cd51e209131ce9d4986.md>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Train":"2k","Base solver":"Gurobi"}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### HNN

Optimality Gap (%): 0.04. Result ID: 69c11eda47f34ce924a975bc.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/69c0c9030636e5bf4afc3b6f.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/69c0c9030636e5bf4afc3b6f.md>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Train":"1k","Base solver":"Gurobi"}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### HNN

Optimality Gap (%): 16.79. Result ID: 69c11eda47f34ce924a975bd.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/69c0c9030636e5bf4afc3b6f.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/69c0c9030636e5bf4afc3b6f.md>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Train":"1k","Base solver":"SCIP"}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### TriGNN

Optimality Gap (%): 17.25. Result ID: 69c11eda47f34ce924a975b5.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/69c0c9030636e5bf4afc3b6f.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa5cd51e209131ce9d4986.md>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Train":"Mini","Base solver":"SCIP"}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### Neural QP

Optimality Gap (%): 17.41. Result ID: 69c11eda47f34ce924a975ad.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/69c0c9030636e5bf4afc3b6f.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa5c601e209131ce9d0714.md>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Train":"2k","Base solver":"SCIP"}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### HNN

Optimality Gap (%): 17.45. Result ID: 69c11eda47f34ce924a975bf.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/69c0c9030636e5bf4afc3b6f.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/69c0c9030636e5bf4afc3b6f.md>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Train":"2k","Base solver":"SCIP"}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### Neural QP

Optimality Gap (%): 17.9. Result ID: 69c11eda47f34ce924a975a9.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/69c0c9030636e5bf4afc3b6f.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa5c601e209131ce9d0714.md>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Train":"Mini","Base solver":"SCIP"}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### GNNQP

Optimality Gap (%): 17.9. Result ID: 69c11eda47f34ce924a975af.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/69c0c9030636e5bf4afc3b6f.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa5e471e209131ce9e0eae.md>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Train":"Mini","Base solver":"SCIP"}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### HNN

Optimality Gap (%): 17.93. Result ID: 69c11eda47f34ce924a975bb.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/69c0c9030636e5bf4afc3b6f.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/69c0c9030636e5bf4afc3b6f.md>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Train":"Mini","Base solver":"SCIP"}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### TriGNN

Optimality Gap (%): 18.26. Result ID: 69c11eda47f34ce924a975b9.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/69c0c9030636e5bf4afc3b6f.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa5cd51e209131ce9d4986.md>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Train":"2k","Base solver":"SCIP"}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### TriGNN

Optimality Gap (%): 18.77. Result ID: 69c11eda47f34ce924a975b7.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/69c0c9030636e5bf4afc3b6f.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa5cd51e209131ce9d4986.md>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Train":"1k","Base solver":"SCIP"}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### Neural QP

Optimality Gap (%): 19.44. Result ID: 69c11eda47f34ce924a975ab.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/69c0c9030636e5bf4afc3b6f.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa5c601e209131ce9d0714.md>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Train":"1k","Base solver":"SCIP"}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### Exact solver

Optimality Gap (%): 26.69. Result ID: 69c11eda47f34ce924a975a6.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/69c0c9030636e5bf4afc3b6f.md>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Base solver":"Gurobi"}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### Exact solver

Optimality Gap (%): 27.61. Result ID: 69c11eda47f34ce924a975a7.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/69c0c9030636e5bf4afc3b6f.md>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Base solver":"SCIP"}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### GNNQP

Optimality Gap (%): 31.12. Result ID: 69c11eda47f34ce924a975b3.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/69c0c9030636e5bf4afc3b6f.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa5e471e209131ce9e0eae.md>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Train":"2k","Base solver":"SCIP"}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### GNNQP

Optimality Gap (%): 38.09. Result ID: 69c11eda47f34ce924a975b1.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/69c0c9030636e5bf4afc3b6f.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa5e471e209131ce9e0eae.md>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Train":"1k","Base solver":"SCIP"}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### GNNQP

Optimality Gap (%): 38.95. Result ID: 69c11eda47f34ce924a975b0.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/69c0c9030636e5bf4afc3b6f.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa5e471e209131ce9e0eae.md>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Train":"1k","Base solver":"Gurobi"}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### GNNQP

Optimality Gap (%): 39.05. Result ID: 69c11eda47f34ce924a975b2.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/69c0c9030636e5bf4afc3b6f.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa5e471e209131ce9e0eae.md>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Train":"2k","Base solver":"Gurobi"}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

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