# Operator Learning on PDEBench CNS (η=1, ζ=0.01)

Source: [Operator Learning on PDEBench CNS (η=1, ζ=0.01)](<https://www.sota2.com/research/sota/operator-learning-on-pdebench-cns-1-0-01>)

Collection index: [llms.txt](<https://www.sota2.com/research/llms.txt>)

Data updated: 2026-05-18T08:19:40.524Z

Evaluation of models performing Operator Learning on the PDEBench CNS dataset subset, using parameters η=1 and ζ=0.01, typically measured by L2RE.

A research result applies to its stated dataset, split, metric and evaluation configuration. Compare like-for-like settings, preserve the metric's unit and direction, and distinguish paper-reported results from independent reproduction. The best result recorded here is not a claim of exhaustive, current global coverage.

| Scope | Recorded value |
| --- | --- |
| Task | Operator Learning |
| Dataset (including any stated split) | PDEBench CNS (η=1, ζ=0.01) |
| Metric | L2RE |
| Unit | PERCENT |
| Direction | Lower is better |
| Results loaded | 25 of 25 |
| Coverage | All results currently returned for this benchmark |

Evaluation settings may differ between results. The original papers and recorded configurations are needed to establish comparability. A shared metric name alone does not establish an identical protocol.

## Metrics

- [L2RE](<https://www.sota2.com/research/sota/operator-learning-on-pdebench-cns-1-0-01.md?metric=L2RE>): Lower is better; unit: PERCENT.

## Recorded results

| Method | L2RE | Result date | Report paper |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| AOT-POT-S | 0.491 | Not recorded | 6a0a9ce7dbc836b87d82b2a5 |
| AOT-POT-T | 0.655 | Not recorded | 6a0a9ce7dbc836b87d82b2a5 |
| AOT-POT-M | 0.943 | Not recorded | 6a0a9ce7dbc836b87d82b2a5 |
| MoE-POT-M | 1.41 | Not recorded | 6a0a9ce7dbc836b87d82b2a5 |
| DPOT-M | 1.46 | Not recorded | 6a0a9ce7dbc836b87d82b2a5 |
| MoE-POT-S | 1.61 | Not recorded | 6a0a9ce7dbc836b87d82b2a5 |
| DPOT-S | 1.67 | Not recorded | 6a0a9ce7dbc836b87d82b2a5 |
| AOT-POT-M | 1.68 | Not recorded | 6a0a9ce7dbc836b87d82b2a5 |
| MoE-POT-T | 1.85 | Not recorded | 6a0a9ce7dbc836b87d82b2a5 |
| DPOT-T | 1.95 | Not recorded | 6a0a9ce7dbc836b87d82b2a5 |
| AOT-POT-S | 2.04 | Not recorded | 6a0a9ce7dbc836b87d82b2a5 |
| MoE-POT-M | 2.26 | Not recorded | 6a0a9ce7dbc836b87d82b2a5 |
| DPOT-M | 2.38 | Not recorded | 6a0a9ce7dbc836b87d82b2a5 |
| AOT-POT-T | 2.8 | Not recorded | 6a0a9ce7dbc836b87d82b2a5 |
| MoE-POT-S | 3.23 | Not recorded | 6a0a9ce7dbc836b87d82b2a5 |
| DPOT-S | 3.37 | Not recorded | 6a0a9ce7dbc836b87d82b2a5 |
| GK-T | 3.77 | Not recorded | 6a0a9ce7dbc836b87d82b2a5 |
| MoE-POT-T | 3.95 | Not recorded | 6a0a9ce7dbc836b87d82b2a5 |
| DPOT-T | 3.97 | Not recorded | 6a0a9ce7dbc836b87d82b2a5 |
| GNOT | 4.2 | Not recorded | 6a0a9ce7dbc836b87d82b2a5 |
| FFNO | 5.2 | Not recorded | 6a0a9ce7dbc836b87d82b2a5 |
| Oformer | 6.25 | Not recorded | 6a0a9ce7dbc836b87d82b2a5 |
| FNO | 9.6 | Not recorded | 6a0a9ce7dbc836b87d82b2a5 |
| FNO-m | 10.8 | Not recorded | 6a0a9ce7dbc836b87d82b2a5 |
| UNet | 29.1 | Not recorded | 6a0a9ce7dbc836b87d82b2a5 |

### AOT-POT-S

L2RE: 0.491. Result ID: 6a0acb9447f34ce924f0da52.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/6a0a9ce7dbc836b87d82b2a5.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/6a0a9ce7dbc836b87d82b2a5.md>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Params":"31M","Evaluation Protocol":"Fine-tuned"}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### AOT-POT-T

L2RE: 0.655. Result ID: 6a0acb9447f34ce924f0da51.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/6a0a9ce7dbc836b87d82b2a5.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/6a0a9ce7dbc836b87d82b2a5.md>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Params":"7M","Evaluation Protocol":"Fine-tuned"}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### AOT-POT-M

L2RE: 0.943. Result ID: 6a0acb9447f34ce924f0da53.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/6a0a9ce7dbc836b87d82b2a5.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/6a0a9ce7dbc836b87d82b2a5.md>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Params":"124M","Evaluation Protocol":"Fine-tuned"}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### MoE-POT-M

L2RE: 1.41. Result ID: 6a0acb9447f34ce924f0da50.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/6a0a9ce7dbc836b87d82b2a5.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/6904426d3ef7ccd74e5e4a33.md>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Params":"288M","Evaluation Protocol":"Fine-tuned"}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### DPOT-M

L2RE: 1.46. Result ID: 6a0acb9447f34ce924f0da4d.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/6a0a9ce7dbc836b87d82b2a5.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa5bbf1e209131ce9cb3c5.md>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Params":"122M","Evaluation Protocol":"Fine-tuned"}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### MoE-POT-S

L2RE: 1.61. Result ID: 6a0acb9447f34ce924f0da4f.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/6a0a9ce7dbc836b87d82b2a5.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/6904426d3ef7ccd74e5e4a33.md>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Params":"90M","Evaluation Protocol":"Fine-tuned"}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### DPOT-S

L2RE: 1.67. Result ID: 6a0acb9447f34ce924f0da4c.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/6a0a9ce7dbc836b87d82b2a5.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa5bbf1e209131ce9cb3c5.md>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Params":"30M","Evaluation Protocol":"Fine-tuned"}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### AOT-POT-M

L2RE: 1.68. Result ID: 6a0acb9447f34ce924f0da4a.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/6a0a9ce7dbc836b87d82b2a5.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/6a0a9ce7dbc836b87d82b2a5.md>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Params":"124M","Evaluation Protocol":"Zero-shot"}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### MoE-POT-T

L2RE: 1.85. Result ID: 6a0acb9447f34ce924f0da4e.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/6a0a9ce7dbc836b87d82b2a5.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/6904426d3ef7ccd74e5e4a33.md>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Params":"17M","Evaluation Protocol":"Fine-tuned"}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### DPOT-T

L2RE: 1.95. Result ID: 6a0acb9447f34ce924f0da4b.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/6a0a9ce7dbc836b87d82b2a5.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa5bbf1e209131ce9cb3c5.md>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Params":"7M","Evaluation Protocol":"Fine-tuned"}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### AOT-POT-S

L2RE: 2.04. Result ID: 6a0acb9447f34ce924f0da49.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/6a0a9ce7dbc836b87d82b2a5.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/6a0a9ce7dbc836b87d82b2a5.md>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Params":"31M","Evaluation Protocol":"Zero-shot"}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### MoE-POT-M

L2RE: 2.26. Result ID: 6a0acb9447f34ce924f0da47.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/6a0a9ce7dbc836b87d82b2a5.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/6904426d3ef7ccd74e5e4a33.md>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Params":"288M","Evaluation Protocol":"Zero-shot"}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### DPOT-M

L2RE: 2.38. Result ID: 6a0acb9447f34ce924f0da44.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/6a0a9ce7dbc836b87d82b2a5.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa5bbf1e209131ce9cb3c5.md>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Params":"122M","Evaluation Protocol":"Zero-shot"}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### AOT-POT-T

L2RE: 2.8. Result ID: 6a0acb9447f34ce924f0da48.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/6a0a9ce7dbc836b87d82b2a5.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/6a0a9ce7dbc836b87d82b2a5.md>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Params":"7M","Evaluation Protocol":"Zero-shot"}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### MoE-POT-S

L2RE: 3.23. Result ID: 6a0acb9447f34ce924f0da46.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/6a0a9ce7dbc836b87d82b2a5.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/6904426d3ef7ccd74e5e4a33.md>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Params":"90M","Evaluation Protocol":"Zero-shot"}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### DPOT-S

L2RE: 3.37. Result ID: 6a0acb9447f34ce924f0da43.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/6a0a9ce7dbc836b87d82b2a5.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa5bbf1e209131ce9cb3c5.md>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Params":"30M","Evaluation Protocol":"Zero-shot"}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### GK-T

L2RE: 3.77. Result ID: 6a0acb9447f34ce924f0da3e.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/6a0a9ce7dbc836b87d82b2a5.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa58a01e209131ce9afbf3.md>)

[Implementation](<https://github.com/scaomath/galerkin-transformer>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Params":"1.6M","Evaluation Protocol":"Individually trained"}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### MoE-POT-T

L2RE: 3.95. Result ID: 6a0acb9447f34ce924f0da45.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/6a0a9ce7dbc836b87d82b2a5.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/6904426d3ef7ccd74e5e4a33.md>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Params":"17M","Evaluation Protocol":"Zero-shot"}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### DPOT-T

L2RE: 3.97. Result ID: 6a0acb9447f34ce924f0da42.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/6a0a9ce7dbc836b87d82b2a5.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa5bbf1e209131ce9cb3c5.md>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Params":"7M","Evaluation Protocol":"Zero-shot"}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### GNOT

L2RE: 4.2. Result ID: 6a0acb9447f34ce924f0da3f.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/6a0a9ce7dbc836b87d82b2a5.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa447e1e209131ce911abd.md>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Params":"1.8M","Evaluation Protocol":"Individually trained"}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### FFNO

L2RE: 5.2. Result ID: 6a0acb9447f34ce924f0da3d.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/6a0a9ce7dbc836b87d82b2a5.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa6ea81e209131cea412c9.md>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Params":"1.3M","Evaluation Protocol":"Individually trained"}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### Oformer

L2RE: 6.25. Result ID: 6a0acb9447f34ce924f0da40.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/6a0a9ce7dbc836b87d82b2a5.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa6f371e209131cea44809.md>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Params":"1.9M","Evaluation Protocol":"Individually trained"}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### FNO

L2RE: 9.6. Result ID: 6a0acb9447f34ce924f0da3b.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/6a0a9ce7dbc836b87d82b2a5.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa581d1e209131ce9ab45d.md>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Params":"0.5M","Evaluation Protocol":"Individually trained"}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### FNO-m

L2RE: 10.8. Result ID: 6a0acb9447f34ce924f0da41.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/6a0a9ce7dbc836b87d82b2a5.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa581d1e209131ce9ab45d.md>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Params":"7M","Evaluation Protocol":"Zero-shot"}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### UNet

L2RE: 29.1. Result ID: 6a0acb9447f34ce924f0da3c.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/6a0a9ce7dbc836b87d82b2a5.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa61e11e209131ce9f653d.md>)

[Implementation](<http://lmb.informatik.uni-freiburg.de/people/ronneber/u-net>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Params":"25M","Evaluation Protocol":"Individually trained"}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

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