ResearchBenchmarksOffline Bin Packing Problem on Offline BPP N=1000, C=150Follow405.49Objective ValueDeepACO405.326406.433407.54408.647Jan 28, 2026Evaluation ResultsMethodMethodLinksObjective ValueOptimality GapDeepACO2026.01405.490PathWiseLLM Backbone=GPT-5-nan...LLM Backbone=GPT-5-nano, Reasoning Level=low2026.01407.8370.58PathWiseLLM Backbone=GPT-5-nan...LLM Backbone=GPT-5-nano, Reasoning Level=medium2026.01408.5350.75PathWiseLLM Backbone=GPT-4o-mi...LLM Backbone=GPT-4o-mini, Reasoning Level=N/A2026.01409.591.01