ResearchBenchmarksNumerical Optimization on Classical Fixed-Dimensional Benchmark F23, D4Follow-10.756Mean Log10 ErrorSVOA-11.21676-8.10663-4.9965-1.88637May 9, 2026Evaluation ResultsMethodMethodLinksMean Log10 ErrorSVOA2026.05-10.756PSO2026.05-7.282EO2026.05-4.277GWO2026.05-3.991DVO2026.05-2.809WOA2026.05-0.773AOA2026.05-0.722SCA2026.050.763