ResearchBenchmarksNumerical Optimization on Classical Fixed-Dimensional Benchmark F17, D2Follow-12Mean Log10 ErrorPSO-12.3542-9.96335-7.5725-5.18165May 9, 2026Evaluation ResultsMethodMethodLinksMean Log10 ErrorPSO2026.05-12EO2026.05-11.789SVOA2026.05-11.666GWO2026.05-7.465WOA2026.05-7.388DVO2026.05-6.83AOA2026.05-5.287SCA2026.05-3.145