ResearchBenchmarksNumerical Optimization on Classical Fixed-Dimensional Benchmark F16 (D=2)Follow-12Mean Log10 ErrorSVOA-12.2876-10.3463-8.405-6.4637May 9, 2026Evaluation ResultsMethodMethodLinksMean Log10 ErrorSVOA2026.05-12PSO2026.05-12EO2026.05-12WOA2026.05-11.193GWO2026.05-8.938AOA2026.05-6.927DVO2026.05-6.645SCA2026.05-4.81