ResearchBenchmarksNumerical Optimization on Classical Fixed-Dimensional Benchmark F14, D2Follow-12Mean Log10 ErrorPSO-12.41312-9.62456-6.836-4.04744May 9, 2026Evaluation ResultsMethodMethodLinksMean Log10 ErrorPSO2026.05-12SVOA2026.05-11DVO2026.05-9.362EO2026.05-6.13SCA2026.05-4.213WOA2026.05-3.48AOA2026.05-3.136GWO2026.05-1.672