# Long-context modeling on RULER

Source: [Long-context modeling on RULER](<https://www.sota2.com/research/sota/long-context-modeling-on-ruler>)

Collection index: [llms.txt](<https://www.sota2.com/research/llms.txt>)

Data updated: 2026-04-23T09:25:23.904Z

Evaluation of long-context modeling performance on the RULER dataset, reporting results across multiple specific metrics covering various context lengths (1K, 2K, 4K, 8K) and sub-tasks (MK, MQ, CWE, Hotpot).

A research result applies to its stated dataset, split, metric and evaluation configuration. Compare like-for-like settings, preserve the metric's unit and direction, and distinguish paper-reported results from independent reproduction. The best result recorded here is not a claim of exhaustive, current global coverage.

| Scope | Recorded value |
| --- | --- |
| Task | Long-context modeling |
| Dataset (including any stated split) | RULER |
| Metric | NIAH Score (MK, 1K) |
| Unit | PERCENT |
| Direction | Higher is better |
| Results loaded | 8 of 8 |
| Coverage | All results currently returned for this benchmark |

Evaluation settings may differ between results. The original papers and recorded configurations are needed to establish comparability. A shared metric name alone does not establish an identical protocol.

## Metrics

- [NIAH Score (MK, 1K)](<https://www.sota2.com/research/sota/long-context-modeling-on-ruler.md?metric=NIAH%20Score%20(MK%2C%201K)>): Higher is better; unit: PERCENT.

- [NIAH Score (MK, 2K)](<https://www.sota2.com/research/sota/long-context-modeling-on-ruler.md?metric=NIAH%20Score%20(MK%2C%202K)>): Higher is better; unit: PERCENT.

- [NIAH Score (MK, 4K)](<https://www.sota2.com/research/sota/long-context-modeling-on-ruler.md?metric=NIAH%20Score%20(MK%2C%204K)>): Higher is better; unit: PERCENT.

- [NIAH Score (MQ, 1K)](<https://www.sota2.com/research/sota/long-context-modeling-on-ruler.md?metric=NIAH%20Score%20(MQ%2C%201K)>): Higher is better; unit: PERCENT.

- [NIAH Score (MQ, 2K)](<https://www.sota2.com/research/sota/long-context-modeling-on-ruler.md?metric=NIAH%20Score%20(MQ%2C%202K)>): Higher is better; unit: PERCENT.

- [NIAH Score (MQ, 4K)](<https://www.sota2.com/research/sota/long-context-modeling-on-ruler.md?metric=NIAH%20Score%20(MQ%2C%204K)>): Higher is better; unit: PERCENT.

- [RULER Score (CWE, 1K)](<https://www.sota2.com/research/sota/long-context-modeling-on-ruler.md?metric=RULER%20Score%20(CWE%2C%201K)>): Higher is better; unit: PERCENT.

- [RULER Score (CWE, 2K)](<https://www.sota2.com/research/sota/long-context-modeling-on-ruler.md?metric=RULER%20Score%20(CWE%2C%202K)>): Higher is better; unit: PERCENT.

- [RULER Score (CWE, 4K)](<https://www.sota2.com/research/sota/long-context-modeling-on-ruler.md?metric=RULER%20Score%20(CWE%2C%204K)>): Higher is better; unit: PERCENT.

- [RULER Score (Hotpot, 2K)](<https://www.sota2.com/research/sota/long-context-modeling-on-ruler.md?metric=RULER%20Score%20(Hotpot%2C%202K)>): Higher is better; unit: PERCENT.

- [RULER Score (Hotpot, 4K)](<https://www.sota2.com/research/sota/long-context-modeling-on-ruler.md?metric=RULER%20Score%20(Hotpot%2C%204K)>): Higher is better; unit: PERCENT.

- [RULER Score (Hotpot, 8K)](<https://www.sota2.com/research/sota/long-context-modeling-on-ruler.md?metric=RULER%20Score%20(Hotpot%2C%208K)>): Higher is better; unit: PERCENT.

- [RULER Score (Overall)](<https://www.sota2.com/research/sota/long-context-modeling-on-ruler.md?metric=RULER%20Score%20(Overall)>): Higher is better; unit: PERCENT.

- [Average Score (All)](<https://www.sota2.com/research/sota/long-context-modeling-on-ruler.md?metric=Average%20Score%20(All)>): Higher is better; unit: PERCENT.

## Recorded results

| Method | NIAH Score (MK, 1K) | Result date | Report paper |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Transformer | 90.2 | Not recorded | 68fa7c101e209131cea8c392 |
| NHA | 81.4 | Not recorded | 68fa7c101e209131cea8c392 |
| GDN-H | 59.6 | Not recorded | 68fa7c101e209131cea8c392 |
| GLA-H | 46 | Not recorded | 68fa7c101e209131cea8c392 |
| GSA-H | 20 | Not recorded | 68fa7c101e209131cea8c392 |
| Mamba2-H | 13.6 | Not recorded | 68fa7c101e209131cea8c392 |

### Transformer

NIAH Score (MK, 1K): 90.2. Result ID: 69e0898a47f34ce924c94d4b.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa7c101e209131cea8c392.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa703d1e209131cea49db1.md>)

[Implementation](<https://github.com/tensorflow/tensor2tensor>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Training context length":"2K"}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### NHA

NIAH Score (MK, 1K): 81.4. Result ID: 69e0898a47f34ce924c94d50.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa7c101e209131cea8c392.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa7c101e209131cea8c392.md>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Training context length":"2K"}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### GDN-H

NIAH Score (MK, 1K): 59.6. Result ID: 69e0898a47f34ce924c94d4f.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa7c101e209131cea8c392.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa774b1e209131cea72592.md>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Training context length":"2K"}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### GLA-H

NIAH Score (MK, 1K): 46. Result ID: 69e0898a47f34ce924c94d4d.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa7c101e209131cea8c392.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa74a51e209131cea62e34.md>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Training context length":"2K"}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### GSA-H

NIAH Score (MK, 1K): 20. Result ID: 69e0898a47f34ce924c94d4e.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa7c101e209131cea8c392.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa757b1e209131cea68452.md>)

[Implementation](<https://github.com/sustcsonglin/flash-linear-attention>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Training context length":"2K"}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### Mamba2-H

NIAH Score (MK, 1K): 13.6. Result ID: 69e0898a47f34ce924c94d4c.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa7c101e209131cea8c392.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa73641e209131cea5c239.md>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Training context length":"2K"}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

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