ResearchBenchmarksInverse Problem on Darcy Flow 97% Sparse ObservationFollow5.18L2 Relative ErrorFunDPS2.999217.719632.4447.1604Dec 1, 2025Evaluation ResultsMethodMethodLinksL2 Relative ErrorAverage RankFunDPSSteps (N)=500Steps (N)=5002025.125.181.75FunDPSSteps (N)=200Steps (N)=2002025.126.783.25PRISMASteps (N)=20Steps (N)=202025.126.83PRISMASteps (N)=50Steps (N)=502025.126.82.25DiffusionPDESteps (N)=2000Steps (N)=20002025.127.873.75DeepONet2025.1241.16.5PINO2025.1249.26.5FNO2025.1249.36.5PINN2025.1259.78.5