# Image Watermarking on DALL-E 3 Source: [Image Watermarking on DALL-E 3]() Collection index: [llms.txt]() Data updated: 2026-03-24T12:54:43.319Z Evaluation of image watermarking techniques applied to images generated by DALL-E 3, focusing on embedding fidelity (Bit Accuracy, PSNR, LPIPS, FID) and detection performance (TPR). A research result applies to its stated dataset, split, metric and evaluation configuration. Compare like-for-like settings, preserve the metric's unit and direction, and distinguish paper-reported results from independent reproduction. The best result recorded here is not a claim of exhaustive, current global coverage. | Scope | Recorded value | | --- | --- | | Task | Image Watermarking | | Dataset (including any stated split) | DALL-E 3 | | Metric | PSNR | | Unit | SCALAR | | Direction | Higher is better | | Results loaded | 7 of 7 | | Coverage | All results currently returned for this benchmark | Evaluation settings may differ between results. The original papers and recorded configurations are needed to establish comparability. A shared metric name alone does not establish an identical protocol. ## Metrics - [PSNR](): Higher is better; unit: SCALAR. - [Bit Accuracy (Clean)](): Higher is better; unit: PERCENT. - [TPR @ 1% FPR (Clean)](): Higher is better; unit: PERCENT. - [TPR @ 0.1% FPR (Clean)](): Higher is better; unit: PERCENT. - [LPIPS](): Lower is better; unit: SCALAR. - [FID](): Lower is better; unit: SCALAR. - [CLIP-FID](): Lower is better; unit: SCALAR. ## Recorded results | Method | PSNR | Result date | Report paper | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | AquaLoRA | 18.28 | Not recorded | 69c21a880636e5bf4afc480c | | Stable Signature | 13.51 | Not recorded | 69c21a880636e5bf4afc480c | | DiffMark | 9.75 | Not recorded | 69c21a880636e5bf4afc480c | | Tree-Ring | 9.74 | Not recorded | 69c21a880636e5bf4afc480c | | Shallow Diffuse | 9.7 | Not recorded | 69c21a880636e5bf4afc480c | | StegaStamp | 9.48 | Not recorded | 69c21a880636e5bf4afc480c | | RingID | 9.39 | Not recorded | 69c21a880636e5bf4afc480c | ### AquaLoRA PSNR: 18.28. Result ID: 69c2882647f34ce924aa9745. [Reporting paper]() [Method origin paper]() Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Type":"Fine-tuning","Plug&Play":false,"Multi-bit":"48 bits"}. This record does not assert independent reproduction. ### Stable Signature PSNR: 13.51. Result ID: 69c2882647f34ce924aa9744. [Reporting paper]() [Method origin paper]() Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Type":"Fine-tuning","Plug&Play":false,"Multi-bit":"48 bits"}. This record does not assert independent reproduction. ### DiffMark PSNR: 9.75. Result ID: 69c2882647f34ce924aa9749. [Reporting paper]() [Method origin paper]() Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Type":"Sampling","Plug&Play":true,"Multi-bit":"64 bits"}. This record does not assert independent reproduction. ### Tree-Ring PSNR: 9.74. Result ID: 69c2882647f34ce924aa9746. [Reporting paper]() [Method origin paper]() Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Type":"Sampling","Plug&Play":true,"Multi-bit":"0 bit"}. This record does not assert independent reproduction. ### Shallow Diffuse PSNR: 9.7. Result ID: 69c2882647f34ce924aa9748. [Reporting paper]() [Method origin paper]() Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Type":"Sampling","Plug&Play":true,"Multi-bit":"0 bit"}. This record does not assert independent reproduction. ### StegaStamp PSNR: 9.48. Result ID: 69c2882647f34ce924aa9743. [Reporting paper]() [Method origin paper]() Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Type":"Post Generation","Plug&Play":false,"Multi-bit":"100 bits"}. This record does not assert independent reproduction. ### RingID PSNR: 9.39. Result ID: 69c2882647f34ce924aa9747. [Reporting paper]() [Method origin paper]() Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Type":"Sampling","Plug&Play":true,"Multi-bit":"11 bits"}. This record does not assert independent reproduction. Page 1 of 1. This is an index page, not the full collection.