# Image Generation on CIFAR-10 (FID, Inception Score, NFE)

Source: [Image Generation on CIFAR-10 (FID, Inception Score, NFE)](<https://www.sota2.com/research/sota/image-generation-on-cifar-10-fid-inception-score-nfe>)

Collection index: [llms.txt](<https://www.sota2.com/research/llms.txt>)

Data updated: 2026-02-26T05:44:19.341Z

Evaluation of Image Generation performance on the CIFAR-10 dataset, reporting Fréchet Inception Distance (FID), Inception Score, and Number of Function Evaluations (NFE).

A research result applies to its stated dataset, split, metric and evaluation configuration. Compare like-for-like settings, preserve the metric's unit and direction, and distinguish paper-reported results from independent reproduction. The best result recorded here is not a claim of exhaustive, current global coverage.

| Scope | Recorded value |
| --- | --- |
| Task | Image Generation |
| Dataset (including any stated split) | CIFAR-10 |
| Metric | FID |
| Unit | SCALAR |
| Direction | Lower is better |
| Results loaded | 25 of 25 |
| Coverage | All results currently returned for this benchmark |

Evaluation settings may differ between results. The original papers and recorded configurations are needed to establish comparability. A shared metric name alone does not establish an identical protocol.

## Metrics

- [FID](<https://www.sota2.com/research/sota/image-generation-on-cifar-10-fid-inception-score-nfe.md?metric=FID>): Lower is better; unit: SCALAR.

- [Inception Score](<https://www.sota2.com/research/sota/image-generation-on-cifar-10-fid-inception-score-nfe.md?metric=Inception%20Score>): Higher is better; unit: SCALAR.

- [NFE](<https://www.sota2.com/research/sota/image-generation-on-cifar-10-fid-inception-score-nfe.md?metric=NFE>): Lower is better; unit: SCALAR.

## Recorded results

| Method | FID | Result date | Report paper |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| NCSN++ deep VE-SDE | 2.2 | Not recorded | 68fa6dbd1e209131cea3bbb7 |
| PFGM | 2.35 | Not recorded | 68fa6dbd1e209131cea3bbb7 |
| NCSN++ VE-SDE | 2.38 | Not recorded | 68fa6dbd1e209131cea3bbb7 |
| VP-SDE | 2.41 | Not recorded | 68fa6dbd1e209131cea3bbb7 |
| sub-VP-SDE | 2.41 | Not recorded | 68fa6dbd1e209131cea3bbb7 |
| StyleGAN2-ADA (cond.) | 2.42 | Not recorded | 68fa6dbd1e209131cea3bbb7 |
| PFGM | 2.48 | Not recorded | 68fa6dbd1e209131cea3bbb7 |
| VP-SDE | 2.55 | Not recorded | 68fa6dbd1e209131cea3bbb7 |
| sub-VP-SDE | 2.61 | Not recorded | 68fa6dbd1e209131cea3bbb7 |
| VP-ODE | 2.86 | Not recorded | 68fa6dbd1e209131cea3bbb7 |
| StyleGAN2-ADA | 2.92 | Not recorded | 68fa6dbd1e209131cea3bbb7 |
| VP-ODE | 2.97 | Not recorded | 68fa6dbd1e209131cea3bbb7 |
| sub-VP-ODE | 3.05 | Not recorded | 68fa6dbd1e209131cea3bbb7 |
| sub-VP-ODE | 3.16 | Not recorded | 68fa6dbd1e209131cea3bbb7 |
| DDPM | 3.17 | Not recorded | 68fa6dbd1e209131cea3bbb7 |
| DDIM | 4.16 | Not recorded | 68fa6dbd1e209131cea3bbb7 |
| DDIM | 4.67 | Not recorded | 68fa6dbd1e209131cea3bbb7 |
| NCSN++ VE-ODE | 5.29 | Not recorded | 68fa6dbd1e209131cea3bbb7 |
| VITGAN | 6.66 | Not recorded | 68fa6dbd1e209131cea3bbb7 |
| NCSN++ deep VE-ODE | 7.66 | Not recorded | 68fa6dbd1e209131cea3bbb7 |
| NCSNv2 | 10.87 | Not recorded | 68fa6dbd1e209131cea3bbb7 |
| NCSN | 25.32 | Not recorded | 68fa6dbd1e209131cea3bbb7 |
| IGEBM | 40.6 | Not recorded | 68fa6dbd1e209131cea3bbb7 |
| Glow | 48.9 | Not recorded | 68fa6dbd1e209131cea3bbb7 |
| PixelCNN | 65.9 | Not recorded | 68fa6dbd1e209131cea3bbb7 |

### NCSN++ deep VE-SDE

FID: 2.2. Result ID: 698fe2853a6c314849fc8fff.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa6dbd1e209131cea3bbb7.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa69511e209131cea217ef.md>)

[Implementation](<https://github.com/yang-song/score_sde>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Invertible":false}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### PFGM

FID: 2.35. Result ID: 698fe2853a6c314849fc900e.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa6dbd1e209131cea3bbb7.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa6dbd1e209131cea3bbb7.md>)

[Implementation](<https://github.com/Newbeeer/poisson_flow>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Backbone":"DDPM++ deep","Invertible":true}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### NCSN++ VE-SDE

FID: 2.38. Result ID: 698fe2853a6c314849fc8ffe.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa6dbd1e209131cea3bbb7.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa69511e209131cea217ef.md>)

[Implementation](<https://github.com/yang-song/score_sde>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Invertible":false}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### VP-SDE

FID: 2.41. Result ID: 698fe2853a6c314849fc900a.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa6dbd1e209131cea3bbb7.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa69511e209131cea217ef.md>)

[Implementation](<https://github.com/yang-song/score_sde>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Backbone":"DDPM++ deep","Invertible":false}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### sub-VP-SDE

FID: 2.41. Result ID: 698fe2853a6c314849fc900b.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa6dbd1e209131cea3bbb7.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa69511e209131cea217ef.md>)

[Implementation](<https://github.com/yang-song/score_sde>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Backbone":"DDPM++ deep","Invertible":false}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### StyleGAN2-ADA (cond.)

FID: 2.42. Result ID: 698fe2853a6c314849fc8ffa.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa6dbd1e209131cea3bbb7.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa68821e209131cea1c8a8.md>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Invertible":false}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### PFGM

FID: 2.48. Result ID: 698fe2853a6c314849fc9009.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa6dbd1e209131cea3bbb7.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa6dbd1e209131cea3bbb7.md>)

[Implementation](<https://github.com/Newbeeer/poisson_flow>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Backbone":"DDPM++","Invertible":true}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### VP-SDE

FID: 2.55. Result ID: 698fe2853a6c314849fc9005.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa6dbd1e209131cea3bbb7.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa69511e209131cea217ef.md>)

[Implementation](<https://github.com/yang-song/score_sde>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Backbone":"DDPM++","Invertible":false}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### sub-VP-SDE

FID: 2.61. Result ID: 698fe2853a6c314849fc9006.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa6dbd1e209131cea3bbb7.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa69511e209131cea217ef.md>)

[Implementation](<https://github.com/yang-song/score_sde>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Backbone":"DDPM++","Invertible":false}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### VP-ODE

FID: 2.86. Result ID: 698fe2853a6c314849fc900c.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa6dbd1e209131cea3bbb7.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa69511e209131cea217ef.md>)

[Implementation](<https://github.com/yang-song/score_sde>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Backbone":"DDPM++ deep","Invertible":true}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### StyleGAN2-ADA

FID: 2.92. Result ID: 698fe2853a6c314849fc8ff9.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa6dbd1e209131cea3bbb7.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa68821e209131cea1c8a8.md>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Invertible":false}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### VP-ODE

FID: 2.97. Result ID: 698fe2853a6c314849fc9007.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa6dbd1e209131cea3bbb7.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa69511e209131cea217ef.md>)

[Implementation](<https://github.com/yang-song/score_sde>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Backbone":"DDPM++","Invertible":true}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### sub-VP-ODE

FID: 3.05. Result ID: 698fe2853a6c314849fc900d.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa6dbd1e209131cea3bbb7.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa69511e209131cea217ef.md>)

[Implementation](<https://github.com/yang-song/score_sde>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Backbone":"DDPM++ deep","Invertible":true}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### sub-VP-ODE

FID: 3.16. Result ID: 698fe2853a6c314849fc9008.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa6dbd1e209131cea3bbb7.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa69511e209131cea217ef.md>)

[Implementation](<https://github.com/yang-song/score_sde>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Backbone":"DDPM++","Invertible":true}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### DDPM

FID: 3.17. Result ID: 698fe2853a6c314849fc8ffd.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa6dbd1e209131cea3bbb7.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa68ef1e209131cea1f0d5.md>)

[Implementation](<https://github.com/hojonathanho/diffusion>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Invertible":false}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### DDIM

FID: 4.16. Result ID: 698fe2853a6c314849fc9002.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa6dbd1e209131cea3bbb7.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa6d8b1e209131cea3a7fe.md>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Invertible":true,"T":100}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### DDIM

FID: 4.67. Result ID: 698fe2853a6c314849fc9001.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa6dbd1e209131cea3bbb7.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa6d8b1e209131cea3a7fe.md>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Invertible":true,"T":50}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### NCSN++ VE-ODE

FID: 5.29. Result ID: 698fe2853a6c314849fc9003.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa6dbd1e209131cea3bbb7.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa69511e209131cea217ef.md>)

[Implementation](<https://github.com/yang-song/score_sde>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Invertible":true}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### VITGAN

FID: 6.66. Result ID: 698fe2853a6c314849fc8ff8.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa6dbd1e209131cea3bbb7.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa73681e209131cea5c455.md>)

[Implementation](<https://github.com/mlpc-ucsd/ViTGAN>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Invertible":false}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### NCSN++ deep VE-ODE

FID: 7.66. Result ID: 698fe2853a6c314849fc9004.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa6dbd1e209131cea3bbb7.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa69511e209131cea217ef.md>)

[Implementation](<https://github.com/yang-song/score_sde>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Invertible":true}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### NCSNv2

FID: 10.87. Result ID: 698fe2853a6c314849fc8ffc.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa6dbd1e209131cea3bbb7.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa68a21e209131cea1d4ce.md>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Invertible":false}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### NCSN

FID: 25.32. Result ID: 698fe2853a6c314849fc8ffb.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa6dbd1e209131cea3bbb7.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa68841e209131cea1c9a9.md>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Invertible":false}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### IGEBM

FID: 40.6. Result ID: 698fe2853a6c314849fc8ff7.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa6dbd1e209131cea3bbb7.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa67d51e209131cea18cbc.md>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Invertible":false}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### Glow

FID: 48.9. Result ID: 698fe2853a6c314849fc9000.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa6dbd1e209131cea3bbb7.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa649e1e209131cea05a05.md>)

[Implementation](<https://github.com/openai/glow>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Invertible":true}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### PixelCNN

FID: 65.9. Result ID: 698fe2853a6c314849fc8ff6.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa6dbd1e209131cea3bbb7.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa629e1e209131ce9fa3c3.md>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Invertible":false}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

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