# Image Classification on MNIST 100 clients, highly heterog. (test)

Source: [Image Classification on MNIST 100 clients, highly heterog. (test)](<https://www.sota2.com/research/sota/image-classification-on-mnist-100-clients-highly-heterog-test>)

Collection index: [llms.txt](<https://www.sota2.com/research/llms.txt>)

Data updated: 2026-03-04T17:57:59.052Z

Evaluation of Image Classification performance on the test split of the MNIST dataset configured for a highly heterogeneous setting across 100 distributed clients.

A research result applies to its stated dataset, split, metric and evaluation configuration. Compare like-for-like settings, preserve the metric's unit and direction, and distinguish paper-reported results from independent reproduction. The best result recorded here is not a claim of exhaustive, current global coverage.

| Scope | Recorded value |
| --- | --- |
| Task | Image Classification |
| Dataset (including any stated split) | MNIST 100 clients, highly heterog. (test) |
| Metric | Test Accuracy |
| Unit | PERCENT |
| Direction | Higher is better |
| Results loaded | 18 of 18 |
| Coverage | All results currently returned for this benchmark |

Evaluation settings may differ between results. The original papers and recorded configurations are needed to establish comparability. A shared metric name alone does not establish an identical protocol.

## Metrics

- [Test Accuracy](<https://www.sota2.com/research/sota/image-classification-on-mnist-100-clients-highly-heterog-test.md?metric=Test%20Accuracy>): Higher is better; unit: PERCENT.

- [Test NLL](<https://www.sota2.com/research/sota/image-classification-on-mnist-100-clients-highly-heterog-test.md?metric=Test%20NLL>): Lower is better; unit: SCALAR.

## Recorded results

| Method | Test Accuracy | Result date | Report paper |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| IVON-ADMM@mg | 96 | Not recorded | 68fa5da71e209131ce9dbecb |
| IVON-ADMM | 96 | Not recorded | 68fa5da71e209131ce9dbecb |
| FedDyn | 94.9 | Not recorded | 68fa5da71e209131ce9dbecb |
| FedLap-Cov | 94.9 | Not recorded | 68fa5da71e209131ce9dbecb |
| FedLap | 94.4 | Not recorded | 68fa5da71e209131ce9dbecb |
| IVON-ADMM@mg | 94.2 | Not recorded | 68fa5da71e209131ce9dbecb |
| IVON-ADMM | 94.2 | Not recorded | 68fa5da71e209131ce9dbecb |
| FedAvg/FedProx | 94 | Not recorded | 68fa5da71e209131ce9dbecb |
| FedLap-Cov | 92.9 | Not recorded | 68fa5da71e209131ce9dbecb |
| FedDyn | 92.6 | Not recorded | 68fa5da71e209131ce9dbecb |
| FedLap | 92 | Not recorded | 68fa5da71e209131ce9dbecb |
| FedAvg/FedProx | 91.8 | Not recorded | 68fa5da71e209131ce9dbecb |
| FedLap-Cov | 91 | Not recorded | 68fa5da71e209131ce9dbecb |
| IVON-ADMM@mg | 91 | Not recorded | 68fa5da71e209131ce9dbecb |
| IVON-ADMM | 91 | Not recorded | 68fa5da71e209131ce9dbecb |
| FedDyn | 89.8 | Not recorded | 68fa5da71e209131ce9dbecb |
| FedLap | 89.7 | Not recorded | 68fa5da71e209131ce9dbecb |
| FedAvg/FedProx | 89.6 | Not recorded | 68fa5da71e209131ce9dbecb |

### IVON-ADMM@mg

Test Accuracy: 96. Result ID: 69a872946dbb7075b950702e.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa5da71e209131ce9dbecb.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa5da71e209131ce9dbecb.md>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Backbone":"MLP","Communication rounds":"100"}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### IVON-ADMM

Test Accuracy: 96. Result ID: 69a872946dbb7075b9507031.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa5da71e209131ce9dbecb.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa5da71e209131ce9dbecb.md>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Backbone":"MLP","Communication rounds":"100"}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### FedDyn

Test Accuracy: 94.9. Result ID: 69a872946dbb7075b9507025.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa5da71e209131ce9dbecb.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa6b361e209131cea2cecf.md>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Backbone":"MLP","Communication rounds":"100"}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### FedLap-Cov

Test Accuracy: 94.9. Result ID: 69a872946dbb7075b950702b.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa5da71e209131ce9dbecb.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa773e1e209131cea71ec3.md>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Backbone":"MLP","Communication rounds":"100"}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### FedLap

Test Accuracy: 94.4. Result ID: 69a872946dbb7075b9507028.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa5da71e209131ce9dbecb.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa773e1e209131cea71ec3.md>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Backbone":"MLP","Communication rounds":"100"}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### IVON-ADMM@mg

Test Accuracy: 94.2. Result ID: 69a872946dbb7075b950702d.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa5da71e209131ce9dbecb.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa5da71e209131ce9dbecb.md>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Backbone":"MLP","Communication rounds":"50"}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### IVON-ADMM

Test Accuracy: 94.2. Result ID: 69a872946dbb7075b9507030.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa5da71e209131ce9dbecb.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa5da71e209131ce9dbecb.md>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Backbone":"MLP","Communication rounds":"50"}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### FedAvg/FedProx

Test Accuracy: 94. Result ID: 69a872946dbb7075b9507022.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa5da71e209131ce9dbecb.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa6e761e209131cea40072.md>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Backbone":"MLP","Communication rounds":"100"}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### FedLap-Cov

Test Accuracy: 92.9. Result ID: 69a872946dbb7075b950702a.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa5da71e209131ce9dbecb.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa773e1e209131cea71ec3.md>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Backbone":"MLP","Communication rounds":"50"}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### FedDyn

Test Accuracy: 92.6. Result ID: 69a872946dbb7075b9507024.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa5da71e209131ce9dbecb.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa6b361e209131cea2cecf.md>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Backbone":"MLP","Communication rounds":"50"}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### FedLap

Test Accuracy: 92. Result ID: 69a872946dbb7075b9507027.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa5da71e209131ce9dbecb.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa773e1e209131cea71ec3.md>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Backbone":"MLP","Communication rounds":"50"}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### FedAvg/FedProx

Test Accuracy: 91.8. Result ID: 69a872946dbb7075b9507021.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa5da71e209131ce9dbecb.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa6e761e209131cea40072.md>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Backbone":"MLP","Communication rounds":"50"}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### FedLap-Cov

Test Accuracy: 91. Result ID: 69a872946dbb7075b9507029.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa5da71e209131ce9dbecb.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa773e1e209131cea71ec3.md>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Backbone":"MLP","Communication rounds":"25"}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### IVON-ADMM@mg

Test Accuracy: 91. Result ID: 69a872946dbb7075b950702c.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa5da71e209131ce9dbecb.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa5da71e209131ce9dbecb.md>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Backbone":"MLP","Communication rounds":"25"}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### IVON-ADMM

Test Accuracy: 91. Result ID: 69a872946dbb7075b950702f.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa5da71e209131ce9dbecb.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa5da71e209131ce9dbecb.md>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Backbone":"MLP","Communication rounds":"25"}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### FedDyn

Test Accuracy: 89.8. Result ID: 69a872946dbb7075b9507023.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa5da71e209131ce9dbecb.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa6b361e209131cea2cecf.md>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Backbone":"MLP","Communication rounds":"25"}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### FedLap

Test Accuracy: 89.7. Result ID: 69a872946dbb7075b9507026.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa5da71e209131ce9dbecb.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa773e1e209131cea71ec3.md>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Backbone":"MLP","Communication rounds":"25"}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### FedAvg/FedProx

Test Accuracy: 89.6. Result ID: 69a872946dbb7075b9507020.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa5da71e209131ce9dbecb.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa6e761e209131cea40072.md>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Backbone":"MLP","Communication rounds":"25"}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

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