# Image Classification on ImageNet distribution-shift variants (ImageNet-A, -K, -R, -V) (test)

Source: [Image Classification on ImageNet distribution-shift variants (ImageNet-A, -K, -R, -V) (test)](<https://www.sota2.com/research/sota/image-classification-on-imagenet-distribution-shift-variants-imagenet-a-k-r-v-test>)

Collection index: [llms.txt](<https://www.sota2.com/research/llms.txt>)

Data updated: 2026-02-26T06:06:53.589Z

Evaluation of Image Classification performance across a specific set of ImageNet distribution shift variants: ImageNet (reference), ImageNet-A, ImageNet-K, ImageNet-R, and ImageNet-V, using the test split, reporting overall and out-of-distribution averages.

A research result applies to its stated dataset, split, metric and evaluation configuration. Compare like-for-like settings, preserve the metric's unit and direction, and distinguish paper-reported results from independent reproduction. The best result recorded here is not a claim of exhaustive, current global coverage.

| Scope | Recorded value |
| --- | --- |
| Task | Image Classification |
| Dataset (including any stated split) | ImageNet distribution-shift variants (ImageNet-A, -K, -R, -V) (test) |
| Metric | Top-1 Acc (ImageNet) |
| Unit | PERCENT |
| Direction | Higher is better |
| Results loaded | 11 of 11 |
| Coverage | All results currently returned for this benchmark |

Evaluation settings may differ between results. The original papers and recorded configurations are needed to establish comparability. A shared metric name alone does not establish an identical protocol.

## Metrics

- [Top-1 Acc (ImageNet)](<https://www.sota2.com/research/sota/image-classification-on-imagenet-distribution-shift-variants-imagenet-a-k-r-v-test.md?metric=Top-1%20Acc%20(ImageNet)>): Higher is better; unit: PERCENT.

- [Top-1 Acc](<https://www.sota2.com/research/sota/image-classification-on-imagenet-distribution-shift-variants-imagenet-a-k-r-v-test.md?metric=Top-1%20Acc>): Higher is better; unit: PERCENT.

- [Top-1 Acc (ImageNet-A)](<https://www.sota2.com/research/sota/image-classification-on-imagenet-distribution-shift-variants-imagenet-a-k-r-v-test.md?metric=Top-1%20Acc%20(ImageNet-A)>): Higher is better; unit: PERCENT.

- [Top-1 Acc (ImageNet-K)](<https://www.sota2.com/research/sota/image-classification-on-imagenet-distribution-shift-variants-imagenet-a-k-r-v-test.md?metric=Top-1%20Acc%20(ImageNet-K)>): Higher is better; unit: PERCENT.

- [Top-1 Acc (ImageNet-R)](<https://www.sota2.com/research/sota/image-classification-on-imagenet-distribution-shift-variants-imagenet-a-k-r-v-test.md?metric=Top-1%20Acc%20(ImageNet-R)>): Higher is better; unit: PERCENT.

- [Top-1 Acc (ImageNet-V)](<https://www.sota2.com/research/sota/image-classification-on-imagenet-distribution-shift-variants-imagenet-a-k-r-v-test.md?metric=Top-1%20Acc%20(ImageNet-V)>): Higher is better; unit: PERCENT.

- [Overall Avg. Acc](<https://www.sota2.com/research/sota/image-classification-on-imagenet-distribution-shift-variants-imagenet-a-k-r-v-test.md?metric=Overall%20Avg.%20Acc>): Higher is better; unit: PERCENT.

- [OOD Avg. Acc](<https://www.sota2.com/research/sota/image-classification-on-imagenet-distribution-shift-variants-imagenet-a-k-r-v-test.md?metric=OOD%20Avg.%20Acc>): Higher is better; unit: PERCENT.

## Recorded results

| Method | Top-1 Acc (ImageNet) | Result date | Report paper |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Ours (CL-HP) | 69.67 | Not recorded | 698abba9c97a0b3e3b5ddff6 |
| Ours (CL) | 69.46 | Not recorded | 698abba9c97a0b3e3b5ddff6 |
| R-TPT | 69.37 | Not recorded | 698abba9c97a0b3e3b5ddff6 |
| ZERO | 69.28 | Not recorded | 698abba9c97a0b3e3b5ddff6 |
| TTL | 69.28 | Not recorded | 698abba9c97a0b3e3b5ddff6 |
| MTA | 69.24 | Not recorded | 698abba9c97a0b3e3b5ddff6 |
| TPT | 68.94 | Not recorded | 698abba9c97a0b3e3b5ddff6 |
| TPS | 68.83 | Not recorded | 698abba9c97a0b3e3b5ddff6 |
| RLCF | 68.56 | Not recorded | 698abba9c97a0b3e3b5ddff6 |
| C-TPT | 68.52 | Not recorded | 698abba9c97a0b3e3b5ddff6 |
| CLIP | 66.72 | Not recorded | 698abba9c97a0b3e3b5ddff6 |

### Ours (CL-HP)

Top-1 Acc (ImageNet): 69.67. Result ID: 699757fb5698665ec4aa14c3.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/698abba9c97a0b3e3b5ddff6.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/698abba9c97a0b3e3b5ddff6.md>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Variant":"Context Learning with Hard Prompt","Test-time adaptation":"true"}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### Ours (CL)

Top-1 Acc (ImageNet): 69.46. Result ID: 699757fb5698665ec4aa14c2.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/698abba9c97a0b3e3b5ddff6.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/698abba9c97a0b3e3b5ddff6.md>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Variant":"Context Learning","Test-time adaptation":"true"}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### R-TPT

Top-1 Acc (ImageNet): 69.37. Result ID: 699757fb5698665ec4aa14c1.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/698abba9c97a0b3e3b5ddff6.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa7add1e209131cea8590d.md>)

[Implementation](<https://github.com/TomSheng21/R-TPT>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Test-time adaptation":"true"}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### ZERO

Top-1 Acc (ImageNet): 69.28. Result ID: 699757fb5698665ec4aa14be.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/698abba9c97a0b3e3b5ddff6.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa75901e209131cea68a6d.md>)

[Implementation](<https://github.com/FarinaMatteo/zero>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Test-time adaptation":"true"}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### TTL

Top-1 Acc (ImageNet): 69.28. Result ID: 699757fb5698665ec4aa14bf.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/698abba9c97a0b3e3b5ddff6.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa742e1e209131cea6048e.md>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Test-time adaptation":"true"}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### MTA

Top-1 Acc (ImageNet): 69.24. Result ID: 699757fb5698665ec4aa14bd.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/698abba9c97a0b3e3b5ddff6.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa73191e209131cea5a896.md>)

[Implementation](<https://github.com/MaxZanella/MTA>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Test-time adaptation":"true"}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### TPT

Top-1 Acc (ImageNet): 68.94. Result ID: 699757fb5698665ec4aa14ba.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/698abba9c97a0b3e3b5ddff6.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa6d691e209131cea399f9.md>)

[Implementation](<https://tinyurl.com/yr3zmhma>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Test-time adaptation":"true"}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### TPS

Top-1 Acc (ImageNet): 68.83. Result ID: 699757fb5698665ec4aa14c0.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/698abba9c97a0b3e3b5ddff6.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa762e1e209131cea6bb46.md>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Test-time adaptation":"true"}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### RLCF

Top-1 Acc (ImageNet): 68.56. Result ID: 699757fb5698665ec4aa14bc.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/698abba9c97a0b3e3b5ddff6.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa72471e209131cea5581f.md>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Test-time adaptation":"true"}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### C-TPT

Top-1 Acc (ImageNet): 68.52. Result ID: 699757fb5698665ec4aa14bb.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/698abba9c97a0b3e3b5ddff6.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa72bc1e209131cea58415.md>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Test-time adaptation":"true"}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### CLIP

Top-1 Acc (ImageNet): 66.72. Result ID: 699757fb5698665ec4aa14b9.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/698abba9c97a0b3e3b5ddff6.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa69581e209131cea21ad0.md>)

[Implementation](<https://github.com/OpenAI/CLIP>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Zero-shot":"true"}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

Page 1 of 1. This is an index page, not the full collection.
