# Image Classification on ImageNet-C (levels 1-5)

Source: [Image Classification on ImageNet-C (levels 1-5)](<https://www.sota2.com/research/sota/image-classification-on-imagenet-c-levels-1-5>)

Collection index: [llms.txt](<https://www.sota2.com/research/llms.txt>)

Data updated: 2026-02-26T05:42:22.600Z

Evaluation of Image Classification robustness on the ImageNet-C dataset, aggregating results across corruption severity levels 1 through 5.

A research result applies to its stated dataset, split, metric and evaluation configuration. Compare like-for-like settings, preserve the metric's unit and direction, and distinguish paper-reported results from independent reproduction. The best result recorded here is not a claim of exhaustive, current global coverage.

| Scope | Recorded value |
| --- | --- |
| Task | Image Classification |
| Dataset (including any stated split) | ImageNet-C level 1-5 |
| Metric | Error Rate (L1-5) |
| Unit | PERCENT |
| Direction | Lower is better |
| Results loaded | 9 of 9 |
| Coverage | All results currently returned for this benchmark |

Evaluation settings may differ between results. The original papers and recorded configurations are needed to establish comparability. A shared metric name alone does not establish an identical protocol.

## Metrics

- [Error Rate (L1-5)](<https://www.sota2.com/research/sota/image-classification-on-imagenet-c-levels-1-5.md?metric=Error%20Rate%20(L1-5)>): Lower is better; unit: PERCENT.

## Recorded results

| Method | Error Rate (L1-5) | Result date | Report paper |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| RMT | 36.8 | Not recorded | 68fa6ece1e209131cea42458 |
| GTTA-MIX | 37.7 | Not recorded | 68fa6ece1e209131cea42458 |
| RMT | 37.8 | Not recorded | 68fa6ece1e209131cea42458 |
| CoTTA | 38.8 | Not recorded | 68fa6ece1e209131cea42458 |
| RMT | 39.3 | Not recorded | 68fa6ece1e209131cea42458 |
| TENT-cont. | 46.4 | Not recorded | 68fa6ece1e209131cea42458 |
| BN-1 | 48.3 | Not recorded | 68fa6ece1e209131cea42458 |
| Source | 58.4 | Not recorded | 68fa6ece1e209131cea42458 |
| AdaContrast | 66.3 | Not recorded | 68fa6ece1e209131cea42458 |

### RMT

Error Rate (L1-5): 36.8. Result ID: 699045e13a6c314849ff60f1.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa6ece1e209131cea42458.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa6ece1e209131cea42458.md>)

[Implementation](<https://github.com/mariodoebler/test-time-adaptation>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Source-free":false,"Updates":4,"Test-time adaptation protocol":"Gradual"}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### GTTA-MIX

Error Rate (L1-5): 37.7. Result ID: 699045e13a6c314849ff60ee.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa6ece1e209131cea42458.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa6dd91e209131cea3c670.md>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Source-free":false,"Updates":4,"Test-time adaptation protocol":"Gradual"}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### RMT

Error Rate (L1-5): 37.8. Result ID: 699045e13a6c314849ff60f0.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa6ece1e209131cea42458.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa6ece1e209131cea42458.md>)

[Implementation](<https://github.com/mariodoebler/test-time-adaptation>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Source-free":false,"Updates":1,"Test-time adaptation protocol":"Gradual"}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### CoTTA

Error Rate (L1-5): 38.8. Result ID: 699045e13a6c314849ff60ed.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa6ece1e209131cea42458.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa6c191e209131cea32283.md>)

[Implementation](<https://qin.ee/cotta>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Source-free":true,"Updates":1,"Test-time adaptation protocol":"Gradual"}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### RMT

Error Rate (L1-5): 39.3. Result ID: 699045e13a6c314849ff60ef.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa6ece1e209131cea42458.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa6ece1e209131cea42458.md>)

[Implementation](<https://github.com/mariodoebler/test-time-adaptation>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Source-free":true,"Updates":1,"Test-time adaptation protocol":"Gradual"}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### TENT-cont.

Error Rate (L1-5): 46.4. Result ID: 699045e13a6c314849ff60eb.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa6ece1e209131cea42458.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa69941e209131cea22d2b.md>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Source-free":true,"Updates":1,"Test-time adaptation protocol":"Gradual"}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### BN-1

Error Rate (L1-5): 48.3. Result ID: 699045e13a6c314849ff60ea.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa6ece1e209131cea42458.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa68a01e209131cea1d382.md>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Source-free":true,"Updates":"-","Test-time adaptation protocol":"Gradual"}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### Source

Error Rate (L1-5): 58.4. Result ID: 699045e13a6c314849ff60e9.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa6ece1e209131cea42458.md>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Source-free":true,"Updates":"-","Test-time adaptation protocol":"Gradual"}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### AdaContrast

Error Rate (L1-5): 66.3. Result ID: 699045e13a6c314849ff60ec.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa6ece1e209131cea42458.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa6c571e209131cea33668.md>)

[Implementation](<https://sites.google.com/view/adacontrast>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Source-free":false,"Updates":1,"Test-time adaptation protocol":"Gradual"}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

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