# Image Classification on CIFAR-10 (test) (Accuracy and Average Time)

Source: [Image Classification on CIFAR-10 (test) (Accuracy and Average Time)](<https://www.sota2.com/research/sota/image-classification-on-cifar-10-test-accuracy-and-average-time>)

Collection index: [llms.txt](<https://www.sota2.com/research/llms.txt>)

Data updated: 2026-03-20T08:13:09.327Z

Evaluation of standard Image Classification model performance on the CIFAR-10 test set, reporting classification accuracy alongside the average inference time per sample.

A research result applies to its stated dataset, split, metric and evaluation configuration. Compare like-for-like settings, preserve the metric's unit and direction, and distinguish paper-reported results from independent reproduction. The best result recorded here is not a claim of exhaustive, current global coverage.

| Scope | Recorded value |
| --- | --- |
| Task | Image Classification |
| Dataset (including any stated split) | CIFAR-10 (test) |
| Metric | Accuracy |
| Unit | PERCENT |
| Direction | Higher is better |
| Results loaded | 6 of 6 |
| Coverage | All results currently returned for this benchmark |

Evaluation settings may differ between results. The original papers and recorded configurations are needed to establish comparability. A shared metric name alone does not establish an identical protocol.

## Metrics

- [Accuracy](<https://www.sota2.com/research/sota/image-classification-on-cifar-10-test-accuracy-and-average-time.md?metric=Accuracy>): Higher is better; unit: PERCENT.

- [Average Inference Time (s)](<https://www.sota2.com/research/sota/image-classification-on-cifar-10-test-accuracy-and-average-time.md?metric=Average%20Inference%20Time%20(s)>): Lower is better; unit: TIME.

## Recorded results

| Method | Accuracy | Result date | Report paper |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| O2S | 63.2 | Not recorded | 68fa783a1e209131cea774e0 |
| Vanilla VFL | 62.9 | Not recorded | 68fa783a1e209131cea774e0 |
| BPF | 61.3 | Not recorded | 68fa783a1e209131cea774e0 |
| OPUS-VFL | 60.4 | Not recorded | 68fa783a1e209131cea774e0 |
| VFL-SGD | 57 | Not recorded | 68fa783a1e209131cea774e0 |
| VFL-CZOFO | 53.8 | Not recorded | 68fa783a1e209131cea774e0 |

### O2S

Accuracy: 63.2. Result ID: 69bcffec47f34ce924a6e366.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa783a1e209131cea774e0.md>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Number of Clients":"5"}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### Vanilla VFL

Accuracy: 62.9. Result ID: 69bcffec47f34ce924a6e365.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa783a1e209131cea774e0.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa651b1e209131cea0859d.md>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Number of Clients":"5"}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### BPF

Accuracy: 61.3. Result ID: 69bcffec47f34ce924a6e367.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa783a1e209131cea774e0.md>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Number of Clients":"5"}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### OPUS-VFL

Accuracy: 60.4. Result ID: 69bcffec47f34ce924a6e36a.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa783a1e209131cea774e0.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa783a1e209131cea774e0.md>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Number of Clients":"5"}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### VFL-SGD

Accuracy: 57. Result ID: 69bcffec47f34ce924a6e369.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa783a1e209131cea774e0.md>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Number of Clients":"5"}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### VFL-CZOFO

Accuracy: 53.8. Result ID: 69bcffec47f34ce924a6e368.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa783a1e209131cea774e0.md>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Number of Clients":"5"}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

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