# Image Classification on CIFAR-10 (Standard and Robust Accuracy)

Source: [Image Classification on CIFAR-10 (Standard and Robust Accuracy)](<https://www.sota2.com/research/sota/image-classification-on-cifar-10-standard-and-robust-accuracy>)

Collection index: [llms.txt](<https://www.sota2.com/research/llms.txt>)

Data updated: 2026-03-26T13:47:27.206Z

Evaluation of Image Classification performance on CIFAR-10, reporting both standard nominal accuracy and a general measure of robustness accuracy.

A research result applies to its stated dataset, split, metric and evaluation configuration. Compare like-for-like settings, preserve the metric's unit and direction, and distinguish paper-reported results from independent reproduction. The best result recorded here is not a claim of exhaustive, current global coverage.

| Scope | Recorded value |
| --- | --- |
| Task | Image Classification |
| Dataset (including any stated split) | CIFAR-10 |
| Metric | Standard Accuracy |
| Unit | PERCENT |
| Direction | Higher is better |
| Results loaded | 9 of 9 |
| Coverage | All results currently returned for this benchmark |

Evaluation settings may differ between results. The original papers and recorded configurations are needed to establish comparability. A shared metric name alone does not establish an identical protocol.

## Metrics

- [Standard Accuracy](<https://www.sota2.com/research/sota/image-classification-on-cifar-10-standard-and-robust-accuracy.md?metric=Standard%20Accuracy>): Higher is better; unit: PERCENT.

- [Robust Accuracy](<https://www.sota2.com/research/sota/image-classification-on-cifar-10-standard-and-robust-accuracy.md?metric=Robust%20Accuracy>): Higher is better; unit: PERCENT.

## Recorded results

| Method | Standard Accuracy | Result date | Report paper |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| RCT-AF (β = 1) | 87.24 | Not recorded | 69c4bd7b0636e5bf4afc755c |
| RCT-AF (β = 0) | 86.65 | Not recorded | 69c4bd7b0636e5bf4afc755c |
| RCT-AF (β = 2) | 86.08 | Not recorded | 69c4bd7b0636e5bf4afc755c |
| ReLU | 85.23 | Not recorded | 69c4bd7b0636e5bf4afc755c |
| GELU | 84.88 | Not recorded | 69c4bd7b0636e5bf4afc755c |
| Leaky ReLU | 84.52 | Not recorded | 69c4bd7b0636e5bf4afc755c |
| Mish | 82.63 | Not recorded | 69c4bd7b0636e5bf4afc755c |
| Swish | 82.53 | Not recorded | 69c4bd7b0636e5bf4afc755c |
| ELU | 78.39 | Not recorded | 69c4bd7b0636e5bf4afc755c |

### RCT-AF (β = 1)

Standard Accuracy: 87.24. Result ID: 69c5373547f34ce924aed9db.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/69c4bd7b0636e5bf4afc755c.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/69c4bd7b0636e5bf4afc755c.md>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Activation Function":"RCT-AF","β":"1","max \|σ''\|":"7.0","Backbone":"ResNet-18","Training Method":"DAJAT","Evaluation Protocol":"AutoAttack"}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### RCT-AF (β = 0)

Standard Accuracy: 86.65. Result ID: 69c5373547f34ce924aed9da.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/69c4bd7b0636e5bf4afc755c.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/69c4bd7b0636e5bf4afc755c.md>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Activation Function":"RCT-AF","β":"0","max \|σ''\|":"7.0","Backbone":"ResNet-18","Training Method":"DAJAT","Evaluation Protocol":"AutoAttack"}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### RCT-AF (β = 2)

Standard Accuracy: 86.08. Result ID: 69c5373547f34ce924aed9dc.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/69c4bd7b0636e5bf4afc755c.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/69c4bd7b0636e5bf4afc755c.md>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Activation Function":"RCT-AF","β":"2","max \|σ''\|":"7.0","Backbone":"ResNet-18","Training Method":"DAJAT","Evaluation Protocol":"AutoAttack"}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### ReLU

Standard Accuracy: 85.23. Result ID: 69c5373547f34ce924aed9d4.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/69c4bd7b0636e5bf4afc755c.md>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Activation Function":"ReLU","max \|σ''\|":"∞","Backbone":"ResNet-18","Training Method":"DAJAT","Evaluation Protocol":"AutoAttack"}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### GELU

Standard Accuracy: 84.88. Result ID: 69c5373547f34ce924aed9d7.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/69c4bd7b0636e5bf4afc755c.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa6fa11e209131cea46c57.md>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Activation Function":"GELU","max \|σ''\|":"0.798","Backbone":"ResNet-18","Training Method":"DAJAT","Evaluation Protocol":"AutoAttack"}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### Leaky ReLU

Standard Accuracy: 84.52. Result ID: 69c5373547f34ce924aed9d5.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/69c4bd7b0636e5bf4afc755c.md>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Activation Function":"Leaky ReLU","max \|σ''\|":"∞","negative slope":"0.01","Backbone":"ResNet-18","Training Method":"DAJAT","Evaluation Protocol":"AutoAttack"}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### Mish

Standard Accuracy: 82.63. Result ID: 69c5373547f34ce924aed9d9.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/69c4bd7b0636e5bf4afc755c.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa682e1e209131cea1a930.md>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Activation Function":"Mish","max \|σ''\|":"0.362","Backbone":"ResNet-18","Training Method":"DAJAT","Evaluation Protocol":"AutoAttack"}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### Swish

Standard Accuracy: 82.53. Result ID: 69c5373547f34ce924aed9d8.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/69c4bd7b0636e5bf4afc755c.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa63be1e209131cea00a3b.md>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Activation Function":"Swish","max \|σ''\|":"0.5","Backbone":"ResNet-18","Training Method":"DAJAT","Evaluation Protocol":"AutoAttack"}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### ELU

Standard Accuracy: 78.39. Result ID: 69c5373547f34ce924aed9d6.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/69c4bd7b0636e5bf4afc755c.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa62471e209131ce9f87e8.md>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Activation Function":"ELU","max \|σ''\|":"1.0","Backbone":"ResNet-18","Training Method":"DAJAT","Evaluation Protocol":"AutoAttack"}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

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