# Generative Modeling on ImageNet 32x32 (test)

Source: [Generative Modeling on ImageNet 32x32 (test)](<https://www.sota2.com/research/sota/generative-modeling-on-imagenet-32x32-test>)

Collection index: [llms.txt](<https://www.sota2.com/research/llms.txt>)

Data updated: 2026-02-26T05:53:14.225Z

Evaluation of generative models on the test split of the ImageNet dataset rendered at 32x32 resolution, typically measured using Negative Log-Likelihood (NLL).

A research result applies to its stated dataset, split, metric and evaluation configuration. Compare like-for-like settings, preserve the metric's unit and direction, and distinguish paper-reported results from independent reproduction. The best result recorded here is not a claim of exhaustive, current global coverage.

| Scope | Recorded value |
| --- | --- |
| Task | Generative Modeling |
| Dataset (including any stated split) | ImageNet 32x32 (test) |
| Metric | NLL |
| Unit | SCALAR |
| Direction | Lower is better |
| Results loaded | 18 of 18 |
| Coverage | All results currently returned for this benchmark |

Evaluation settings may differ between results. The original papers and recorded configurations are needed to establish comparability. A shared metric name alone does not establish an identical protocol.

## Metrics

- [NLL](<https://www.sota2.com/research/sota/generative-modeling-on-imagenet-32x32-test.md?metric=NLL>): Lower is better; unit: SCALAR.

- [NLL (bits/dim)](<https://www.sota2.com/research/sota/generative-modeling-on-imagenet-32x32-test.md?metric=NLL%20(bits%2Fdim)>): Lower is better; unit: SCALAR.

- [Asymmetry](<https://www.sota2.com/research/sota/generative-modeling-on-imagenet-32x32-test.md?metric=Asymmetry>): Lower is better; unit: SCALAR.

- [Normalized Asymmetry](<https://www.sota2.com/research/sota/generative-modeling-on-imagenet-32x32-test.md?metric=Normalized%20Asymmetry>): Lower is better; unit: SCALAR.

## Recorded results

| Method | NLL | Result date | Report paper |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| ScoreFlow | 3.76 | Not recorded | 68fa6b0d1e209131cea2bbb1 |
| Image Transformer | 3.77 | Not recorded | 68fa6b0d1e209131cea2bbb1 |
| δ-VAE | 3.77 | Not recorded | 68fa6b0d1e209131cea2bbb1 |
| Very Deep VAE | 3.8 | Not recorded | 68fa6b0d1e209131cea2bbb1 |
| PixelSNAIL | 3.8 | Not recorded | 68fa6b0d1e209131cea2bbb1 |
| Gated PixelCNN | 3.83 | Not recorded | 68fa6b0d1e209131cea2bbb1 |
| VFlow | 3.83 | Not recorded | 68fa6b0d1e209131cea2bbb1 |
| QC-NCSN++ | 3.83 | Not recorded | 68fa6f921e209131cea46554 |
| Flow++ | 3.86 | Not recorded | 68fa6b0d1e209131cea2bbb1 |
| NVAE | 3.92 | Not recorded | 68fa6b0d1e209131cea2bbb1 |
| U-NCSN++ | 3.96 | Not recorded | 68fa6f921e209131cea46554 |
| C-NCSN++ | 5.1 | Not recorded | 68fa6f921e209131cea46554 |

### ScoreFlow

NLL: 3.76. Result ID: 698e4d7affc3901de09c73a0.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa6b0d1e209131cea2bbb1.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa6b0d1e209131cea2bbb1.md>)

[Implementation](<https://github.com/yang-song/score_flow>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: Not recorded. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### Image Transformer

NLL: 3.77. Result ID: 698e4d7affc3901de09c739c.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa6b0d1e209131cea2bbb1.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa64831e209131cea050c0.md>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: Not recorded. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### δ-VAE

NLL: 3.77. Result ID: 698e4d7affc3901de09c739f.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa6b0d1e209131cea2bbb1.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa654e1e209131cea09842.md>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: Not recorded. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### Very Deep VAE

NLL: 3.8. Result ID: 698e4d7affc3901de09c739d.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa6b0d1e209131cea2bbb1.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa69931e209131cea22c7a.md>)

[Implementation](<https://github.com/openai/vdvae>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: Not recorded. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### PixelSNAIL

NLL: 3.8. Result ID: 698e4d7affc3901de09c739e.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa6b0d1e209131cea2bbb1.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa63e81e209131cea015ac.md>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: Not recorded. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### Gated PixelCNN

NLL: 3.83. Result ID: 698e4d7affc3901de09c7399.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa6b0d1e209131cea2bbb1.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa629e1e209131ce9fa3c3.md>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: Not recorded. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### VFlow

NLL: 3.83. Result ID: 698e4d7affc3901de09c739a.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa6b0d1e209131cea2bbb1.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa680b1e209131cea19c72.md>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: Not recorded. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### QC-NCSN++

NLL: 3.83. Result ID: 6990cbe03a6c31484903581d.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa6f921e209131cea46554.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa6f921e209131cea46554.md>)

[Implementation](<https://github.com/chen-hao-chao/qcsbm>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: Not recorded. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### Flow++

NLL: 3.86. Result ID: 698e4d7affc3901de09c7398.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa6b0d1e209131cea2bbb1.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa65be1e209131cea0c11d.md>)

[Implementation](<https://github.com/aravindsrinivas/flowpp>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: Not recorded. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### NVAE

NLL: 3.92. Result ID: 698e4d7affc3901de09c739b.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa6b0d1e209131cea2bbb1.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa690b1e209131cea1faf3.md>)

[Implementation](<https://github.com/NVlabs/NVAE>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: Not recorded. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### U-NCSN++

NLL: 3.96. Result ID: 6990cbe03a6c31484903581c.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa6f921e209131cea46554.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa69511e209131cea217ef.md>)

[Implementation](<https://github.com/yang-song/score_sde>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: Not recorded. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### C-NCSN++

NLL: 5.1. Result ID: 6990cbe03a6c31484903581b.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa6f921e209131cea46554.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa6f921e209131cea46554.md>)

[Implementation](<https://github.com/chen-hao-chao/qcsbm>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: Not recorded. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

Page 1 of 1. This is an index page, not the full collection.