ResearchBenchmarksCVSS Base Metric Prediction on CVSS Attack Complexity v3.1Follow84.66AccuracyGPT-577.463279.331681.283.0684Dec 7, 2025Evaluation ResultsMethodMethodLinksAccuracyPrecisionRecallF1 ScoreMAEBaseline AccuracyGPT-5Abbreviation=G5Abbreviation=G52025.1284.667285820.1583.85GPT-4oAbbreviation=G4Abbreviation=G42025.1281.927782780.1883.85GeminiAbbreviation=GMAbbreviation=GM2025.1280.217780780.283.85GrokAbbreviation=GRAbbreviation=GR2025.1280.137780780.283.85DeepSeekAbbreviation=DSAbbreviation=DS2025.1279.297779780.2183.85LlamaAbbreviation=LAbbreviation=L2025.1277.747579770.4483.85