# Code-switched text synthesis on Hi-En

Source: [Code-switched text synthesis on Hi-En](<https://www.sota2.com/research/sota/code-switched-text-synthesis-on-hi-en>)

Collection index: [llms.txt](<https://www.sota2.com/research/llms.txt>)

Data updated: 2026-02-26T05:36:55.348Z

Evaluation of code-switched text synthesis performance on the Hi-En dataset, measured using BLEU and METEOR scores.

A research result applies to its stated dataset, split, metric and evaluation configuration. Compare like-for-like settings, preserve the metric's unit and direction, and distinguish paper-reported results from independent reproduction. The best result recorded here is not a claim of exhaustive, current global coverage.

| Scope | Recorded value |
| --- | --- |
| Task | Code-switched text synthesis |
| Dataset (including any stated split) | Hi-En |
| Metric | BLEU |
| Unit | PERCENT |
| Direction | Higher is better |
| Results loaded | 11 of 11 |
| Coverage | All results currently returned for this benchmark |

Evaluation settings may differ between results. The original papers and recorded configurations are needed to establish comparability. A shared metric name alone does not establish an identical protocol.

## Metrics

- [BLEU](<https://www.sota2.com/research/sota/code-switched-text-synthesis-on-hi-en.md?metric=BLEU>): Higher is better; unit: PERCENT.

- [METEOR](<https://www.sota2.com/research/sota/code-switched-text-synthesis-on-hi-en.md?metric=METEOR>): Higher is better; unit: PERCENT.

## Recorded results

| Method | BLEU | Result date | Report paper |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Fine-tuned PMMTM on all language pairs (augment-MMT) | 28.88 | Not recorded | 68fa6ff81e209131cea483cd |
| Fine-tuned PMMTM on all language pairs (mBART50-MMT) | 27.93 | Not recorded | 68fa6ff81e209131cea483cd |
| Gupta et al. (2020) | 21.55 | Not recorded | 68fa6ff81e209131cea483cd |
| GLOSS (augment-MMT + prefix) | 12.16 | Not recorded | 68fa6ff81e209131cea483cd |
| Machine Translation | 9.87 | Not recorded | 68fa6ff81e209131cea483cd |
| GLOSS (augment-MMT + adapter) | 8.61 | Not recorded | 68fa6ff81e209131cea483cd |
| GLOSS (mBART50-MMT + prefix) | 7.51 | Not recorded | 68fa6ff81e209131cea483cd |
| Translate, Align, then Swap | 6.61 | Not recorded | 68fa6ff81e209131cea483cd |
| Copy Input | 5.22 | Not recorded | 68fa6ff81e209131cea483cd |
| GLOSS (mBART50-MMT + adapter) | 4.09 | Not recorded | 68fa6ff81e209131cea483cd |
| Fine-tuned PMMTM on available language pairs | 3.93 | Not recorded | 68fa6ff81e209131cea483cd |

### Fine-tuned PMMTM on all language pairs (augment-MMT)

BLEU: 28.88. Result ID: 699103083a6c3148490502f3.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa6ff81e209131cea483cd.md>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Type":"Supervised"}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### Fine-tuned PMMTM on all language pairs (mBART50-MMT)

BLEU: 27.93. Result ID: 699103083a6c3148490502f2.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa6ff81e209131cea483cd.md>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Type":"Supervised"}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### Gupta et al. (2020)

BLEU: 21.55. Result ID: 699103083a6c3148490502f1.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa6ff81e209131cea483cd.md>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Type":"Supervised"}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### GLOSS (augment-MMT + prefix)

BLEU: 12.16. Result ID: 699103083a6c3148490502fb.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa6ff81e209131cea483cd.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa6ff81e209131cea483cd.md>)

[Implementation](<https://www.github.com/bsolomon1124/pycld3>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Type":"Zero-shot transfer"}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### Machine Translation

BLEU: 9.87. Result ID: 699103083a6c3148490502f5.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa6ff81e209131cea483cd.md>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Type":"Unsupervised"}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### GLOSS (augment-MMT + adapter)

BLEU: 8.61. Result ID: 699103083a6c3148490502fa.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa6ff81e209131cea483cd.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa6ff81e209131cea483cd.md>)

[Implementation](<https://www.github.com/bsolomon1124/pycld3>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Type":"Zero-shot transfer"}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### GLOSS (mBART50-MMT + prefix)

BLEU: 7.51. Result ID: 699103083a6c3148490502f9.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa6ff81e209131cea483cd.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa6ff81e209131cea483cd.md>)

[Implementation](<https://www.github.com/bsolomon1124/pycld3>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Type":"Zero-shot transfer"}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### Translate, Align, then Swap

BLEU: 6.61. Result ID: 699103083a6c3148490502f6.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa6ff81e209131cea483cd.md>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Type":"Unsupervised"}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### Copy Input

BLEU: 5.22. Result ID: 699103083a6c3148490502f4.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa6ff81e209131cea483cd.md>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Type":"Unsupervised"}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### GLOSS (mBART50-MMT + adapter)

BLEU: 4.09. Result ID: 699103083a6c3148490502f8.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa6ff81e209131cea483cd.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa6ff81e209131cea483cd.md>)

[Implementation](<https://www.github.com/bsolomon1124/pycld3>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Type":"Zero-shot transfer"}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### Fine-tuned PMMTM on available language pairs

BLEU: 3.93. Result ID: 699103083a6c3148490502f7.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa6ff81e209131cea483cd.md>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Type":"Zero-shot transfer"}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

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