# Class-Incremental Learning on Stanford Cars (T=10, test)

Source: [Class-Incremental Learning on Stanford Cars (T=10, test)](<https://www.sota2.com/research/sota/class-incremental-learning-on-stanford-cars-t-10-test>)

Collection index: [llms.txt](<https://www.sota2.com/research/llms.txt>)

Data updated: 2026-05-12T07:48:26.534Z

Evaluation of Class-Incremental Learning performance on the Stanford Cars dataset, configured for 10 sequential tasks, evaluated on the test split.

A research result applies to its stated dataset, split, metric and evaluation configuration. Compare like-for-like settings, preserve the metric's unit and direction, and distinguish paper-reported results from independent reproduction. The best result recorded here is not a claim of exhaustive, current global coverage.

| Scope | Recorded value |
| --- | --- |
| Task | Class-Incremental Learning |
| Dataset (including any stated split) | Stanford Cars CIL, T=10 (test) |
| Metric | Avg Accuracy |
| Unit | PERCENT |
| Direction | Higher is better |
| Results loaded | 34 of 34 |
| Coverage | All results currently returned for this benchmark |

Evaluation settings may differ between results. The original papers and recorded configurations are needed to establish comparability. A shared metric name alone does not establish an identical protocol.

## Metrics

- [Avg Accuracy](<https://www.sota2.com/research/sota/class-incremental-learning-on-stanford-cars-t-10-test.md?metric=Avg%20Accuracy>): Higher is better; unit: PERCENT.

- [Rel. Error Rate](<https://www.sota2.com/research/sota/class-incremental-learning-on-stanford-cars-t-10-test.md?metric=Rel.%20Error%20Rate>): Lower is better; unit: PERCENT.

- [Last Accuracy](<https://www.sota2.com/research/sota/class-incremental-learning-on-stanford-cars-t-10-test.md?metric=Last%20Accuracy>): Higher is better; unit: PERCENT.

- [FF](<https://www.sota2.com/research/sota/class-incremental-learning-on-stanford-cars-t-10-test.md?metric=FF>): Higher is better; unit: SCALAR.

## Recorded results

| Method | Avg Accuracy | Result date | Report paper |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| RanPAC | 77.5 | Not recorded | 68fa71cb1e209131cea53052 |
| CPrompt | 76.81 | Not recorded | 68fa72851e209131cea56fec |
| CODAprompt | 73.28 | Not recorded | 68fa72851e209131cea56fec |
| RanPAC (No RPs) | 73 | Not recorded | 68fa71cb1e209131cea53052 |
| ESN | 72.82 | Not recorded | 68fa72851e209131cea56fec |
| L2P | 71.92 | Not recorded | 68fa72851e209131cea56fec |
| TRM | 70.4 | Not recorded | 6a02b3f7dbc836b87d82458d |
| DualPrompt | 70.36 | Not recorded | 68fa72851e209131cea56fec |
| LwF | 69.84 | Not recorded | 68fa7bb31e209131cea89fe1 |
| CMM | 69.7 | Not recorded | 68fa7bb31e209131cea89fe1 |
| CLG-CBM | 68.7 | Not recorded | 6a02b3f7dbc836b87d82458d |
| CODAPrompt | 67.4 | Not recorded | 6a02b3f7dbc836b87d82458d |
| DualPrompt | 67.1 | Not recorded | 6a02b3f7dbc836b87d82458d |
| L2P | 66.7 | Not recorded | 6a02b3f7dbc836b87d82458d |
| TIES | 66.1 | Not recorded | 6a02b3f7dbc836b87d82458d |
| RanPAC (No Phase 1) | 66 | Not recorded | 68fa71cb1e209131cea53052 |
| MagMax | 65.9 | Not recorded | 6a02b3f7dbc836b87d82458d |
| RandMix | 65.62 | Not recorded | 68fa7bb31e209131cea89fe1 |
| Avg | 65.59 | Not recorded | 68fa7bb31e209131cea89fe1 |
| TIES | 64.9 | Not recorded | 68fa7bb31e209131cea89fe1 |
| Model Stock | 64.5 | Not recorded | 6a02b3f7dbc836b87d82458d |
| MaxAbs | 63.55 | Not recorded | 68fa7bb31e209131cea89fe1 |
| RanPAC (No RPs or Phase 1) | 62.2 | Not recorded | 68fa71cb1e209131cea53052 |
| LwF | 61.7 | Not recorded | 6a02b3f7dbc836b87d82458d |
| EWC | 61.3 | Not recorded | 6a02b3f7dbc836b87d82458d |
| EWC | 60.78 | Not recorded | 68fa7bb31e209131cea89fe1 |
| Joint linear probe | 51.7 | Not recorded | 68fa71cb1e209131cea53052 |
| CODA-Prompt | 43.2 | Not recorded | 68fa71cb1e209131cea53052 |
| ADaM | 41.4 | Not recorded | 68fa71cb1e209131cea53052 |
| RanPAC (NCM with Phase 1) | 40.5 | Not recorded | 68fa71cb1e209131cea53052 |
| DualPrompt | 40.1 | Not recorded | 68fa71cb1e209131cea53052 |
| L2P | 38.2 | Not recorded | 68fa71cb1e209131cea53052 |
| RanPAC (NCM only) | 37.7 | Not recorded | 68fa71cb1e209131cea53052 |

### RanPAC

Avg Accuracy: 77.5. Result ID: 6991fc683a6c3148490bdc3b.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa71cb1e209131cea53052.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa71cb1e209131cea53052.md>)

[Implementation](<https://github.com/RanPAC/RanPAC>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Algorithm":1}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### CPrompt

Avg Accuracy: 76.81. Result ID: 69925a633a6c3148490e6192.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa72851e209131cea56fec.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa72851e209131cea56fec.md>)

[Implementation](<https://github.com/Zhanxin-Gao/CPrompt>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: Not recorded. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### CODAprompt

Avg Accuracy: 73.28. Result ID: 69925a633a6c3148490e6191.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa72851e209131cea56fec.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa6ee41e209131cea42add.md>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: Not recorded. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### RanPAC (No RPs)

Avg Accuracy: 73. Result ID: 6991fc683a6c3148490bdc3c.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa71cb1e209131cea53052.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa71cb1e209131cea53052.md>)

[Implementation](<https://github.com/RanPAC/RanPAC>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"RP layer":"false"}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### ESN

Avg Accuracy: 72.82. Result ID: 69925a633a6c3148490e6190.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa72851e209131cea56fec.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa6e071e209131cea3d873.md>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: Not recorded. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### L2P

Avg Accuracy: 71.92. Result ID: 69925a633a6c3148490e618e.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa72851e209131cea56fec.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa6c0c1e209131cea31ad7.md>)

[Implementation](<https://github.com/google-research/l2p>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: Not recorded. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### TRM

Avg Accuracy: 70.4. Result ID: 6a02db3b47f34ce924e5619f.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/6a02b3f7dbc836b87d82458d.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/6a02b3f7dbc836b87d82458d.md>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Backbone":"CLIP ViT-B/16","Method Category":"Model Merging"}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### DualPrompt

Avg Accuracy: 70.36. Result ID: 69925a633a6c3148490e618f.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa72851e209131cea56fec.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa6d341e209131cea38614.md>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: Not recorded. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### LwF

Avg Accuracy: 69.84. Result ID: 699d011a5698665ec4a13788.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa7bb31e209131cea89fe1.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa63201e209131ce9fd0b3.md>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Memory":"Theta(1)"}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### CMM

Avg Accuracy: 69.7. Result ID: 699d011a5698665ec4a1378a.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa7bb31e209131cea89fe1.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa7bb31e209131cea89fe1.md>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Memory":"Theta(1)"}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### CLG-CBM

Avg Accuracy: 68.7. Result ID: 6a02db3b47f34ce924e5619b.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/6a02b3f7dbc836b87d82458d.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa77ac1e209131cea74a10.md>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Year":"2025","Backbone":"CLIP ViT-B/16","Method Category":"PEFT"}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### CODAPrompt

Avg Accuracy: 67.4. Result ID: 6a02db3b47f34ce924e5619a.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/6a02b3f7dbc836b87d82458d.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa6ee41e209131cea42add.md>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Year":"2023","Backbone":"CLIP ViT-B/16","Method Category":"PEFT"}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### DualPrompt

Avg Accuracy: 67.1. Result ID: 6a02db3b47f34ce924e56199.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/6a02b3f7dbc836b87d82458d.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa6d341e209131cea38614.md>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Year":"2023","Backbone":"CLIP ViT-B/16","Method Category":"PEFT"}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### L2P

Avg Accuracy: 66.7. Result ID: 6a02db3b47f34ce924e56198.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/6a02b3f7dbc836b87d82458d.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa6c0c1e209131cea31ad7.md>)

[Implementation](<https://github.com/google-research/l2p>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Year":"2022","Backbone":"CLIP ViT-B/16","Method Category":"PEFT"}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### TIES

Avg Accuracy: 66.1. Result ID: 6a02db3b47f34ce924e5619d.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/6a02b3f7dbc836b87d82458d.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa71091e209131cea4ecd8.md>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Year":"2023","Backbone":"CLIP ViT-B/16","Method Category":"Model Merging"}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### RanPAC (No Phase 1)

Avg Accuracy: 66. Result ID: 6991fc683a6c3148490bdc3d.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa71cb1e209131cea53052.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa71cb1e209131cea53052.md>)

[Implementation](<https://github.com/RanPAC/RanPAC>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Phase 1":"false"}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### MagMax

Avg Accuracy: 65.9. Result ID: 6a02db3b47f34ce924e5619e.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/6a02b3f7dbc836b87d82458d.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa74521e209131cea610c2.md>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Year":"2024","Backbone":"CLIP ViT-B/16","Method Category":"Model Merging"}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### RandMix

Avg Accuracy: 65.62. Result ID: 699d011a5698665ec4a13784.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa7bb31e209131cea89fe1.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa74521e209131cea610c2.md>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Memory":"Theta(N)"}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### Avg

Avg Accuracy: 65.59. Result ID: 699d011a5698665ec4a13786.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa7bb31e209131cea89fe1.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa6ce11e209131cea3679c.md>)

[Implementation](<https://github.com/mlfoundations/model-soups>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Memory":"Theta(N)"}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### TIES

Avg Accuracy: 64.9. Result ID: 699d011a5698665ec4a13787.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa7bb31e209131cea89fe1.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa71091e209131cea4ecd8.md>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Memory":"Theta(N)"}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### Model Stock

Avg Accuracy: 64.5. Result ID: 6a02db3b47f34ce924e5619c.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/6a02b3f7dbc836b87d82458d.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa7a561e209131cea82916.md>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Year":"2024","Backbone":"CLIP ViT-B/16","Method Category":"Model Merging"}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### MaxAbs

Avg Accuracy: 63.55. Result ID: 699d011a5698665ec4a13785.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa7bb31e209131cea89fe1.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa74521e209131cea610c2.md>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Memory":"Theta(N)"}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### RanPAC (No RPs or Phase 1)

Avg Accuracy: 62.2. Result ID: 6991fc683a6c3148490bdc3e.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa71cb1e209131cea53052.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa71cb1e209131cea53052.md>)

[Implementation](<https://github.com/RanPAC/RanPAC>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"RP layer":"false","Phase 1":"false"}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### LwF

Avg Accuracy: 61.7. Result ID: 6a02db3b47f34ce924e56196.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/6a02b3f7dbc836b87d82458d.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa63201e209131ce9fd0b3.md>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Year":"2017","Backbone":"CLIP ViT-B/16","Method Category":"Conventional"}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### EWC

Avg Accuracy: 61.3. Result ID: 6a02db3b47f34ce924e56197.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/6a02b3f7dbc836b87d82458d.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa6cb31e209131cea3555e.md>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Year":"2017","Backbone":"CLIP ViT-B/16","Method Category":"Conventional"}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### EWC

Avg Accuracy: 60.78. Result ID: 699d011a5698665ec4a13789.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa7bb31e209131cea89fe1.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa6cb31e209131cea3555e.md>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Memory":"Theta(1)"}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### Joint linear probe

Avg Accuracy: 51.7. Result ID: 6991fc683a6c3148490bdc36.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa71cb1e209131cea53052.md>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Joint training":"true"}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### CODA-Prompt

Avg Accuracy: 43.2. Result ID: 6991fc683a6c3148490bdc39.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa71cb1e209131cea53052.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa6ee41e209131cea42add.md>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: Not recorded. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### ADaM

Avg Accuracy: 41.4. Result ID: 6991fc683a6c3148490bdc3a.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa71cb1e209131cea53052.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa74641e209131cea616e7.md>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: Not recorded. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### RanPAC (NCM with Phase 1)

Avg Accuracy: 40.5. Result ID: 6991fc683a6c3148490bdc3f.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa71cb1e209131cea53052.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa71cb1e209131cea53052.md>)

[Implementation](<https://github.com/RanPAC/RanPAC>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Evaluation":"NCM","Phase 1":"true"}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### DualPrompt

Avg Accuracy: 40.1. Result ID: 6991fc683a6c3148490bdc38.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa71cb1e209131cea53052.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa6d341e209131cea38614.md>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: Not recorded. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### L2P

Avg Accuracy: 38.2. Result ID: 6991fc683a6c3148490bdc37.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa71cb1e209131cea53052.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa71c71e209131cea52ec2.md>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: Not recorded. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### RanPAC (NCM only)

Avg Accuracy: 37.7. Result ID: 6991fc683a6c3148490bdc40.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa71cb1e209131cea53052.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa71cb1e209131cea53052.md>)

[Implementation](<https://github.com/RanPAC/RanPAC>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Evaluation":"NCM","Phase 1":"false"}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

Page 1 of 1. This is an index page, not the full collection.
