# Bias Mitigation for Stereotype Queries on UTKFACE Race

Source: [Bias Mitigation for Stereotype Queries on UTKFACE Race](<https://www.sota2.com/research/sota/bias-mitigation-for-stereotype-queries-on-utkface-race>)

Collection index: [llms.txt](<https://www.sota2.com/research/llms.txt>)

Data updated: 2026-03-20T10:21:39.784Z

Evaluation of bias mitigation techniques targeting stereotype queries specifically on the race attribute subset of the UTKFace dataset, measured using metrics like KL Divergence and MaxSkew.

A research result applies to its stated dataset, split, metric and evaluation configuration. Compare like-for-like settings, preserve the metric's unit and direction, and distinguish paper-reported results from independent reproduction. The best result recorded here is not a claim of exhaustive, current global coverage.

| Scope | Recorded value |
| --- | --- |
| Task | Bias Mitigation for Stereotype Queries |
| Dataset (including any stated split) | UTKFACE Race |
| Metric | KL Divergence |
| Unit | SCALAR |
| Direction | Lower is better |
| Results loaded | 33 of 33 |
| Coverage | All results currently returned for this benchmark |

Evaluation settings may differ between results. The original papers and recorded configurations are needed to establish comparability. A shared metric name alone does not establish an identical protocol.

## Metrics

- [KL Divergence](<https://www.sota2.com/research/sota/bias-mitigation-for-stereotype-queries-on-utkface-race.md?metric=KL%20Divergence>): Lower is better; unit: SCALAR.

- [MaxSkew](<https://www.sota2.com/research/sota/bias-mitigation-for-stereotype-queries-on-utkface-race.md?metric=MaxSkew>): Lower is better; unit: SCALAR.

## Recorded results

| Method | KL Divergence | Result date | Report paper |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| ZSDEBIAS | 0.027 | Not recorded | 69bcd4ab0636e5bf4afc2bf4 |
| BENDSEMbi | 0.035 | Not recorded | 69bcd4ab0636e5bf4afc2bf4 |
| SEMi | 0.039 | Not recorded | 69bcd4ab0636e5bf4afc2bf4 |
| BEND-VLM | 0.041 | Not recorded | 68fa759e1e209131cea68fe9 |
| BENDSEMbi | 0.042 | Not recorded | 69bcd4ab0636e5bf4afc2bf4 |
| BEND-VLM | 0.047 | Not recorded | 68fa759e1e209131cea68fe9 |
| SEMb | 0.084 | Not recorded | 69bcd4ab0636e5bf4afc2bf4 |
| SEMbi | 0.085 | Not recorded | 69bcd4ab0636e5bf4afc2bf4 |
| ZSDEBIAS | 0.091 | Not recorded | 69bcd4ab0636e5bf4afc2bf4 |
| BENDVLM | 0.101 | Not recorded | 69bcd4ab0636e5bf4afc2bf4 |
| Baseline CLIP | 0.107 | Not recorded | 68fa759e1e209131cea68fe9 |
| SEMb | 0.107 | Not recorded | 69bcd4ab0636e5bf4afc2bf4 |
| SEMbi | 0.107 | Not recorded | 69bcd4ab0636e5bf4afc2bf4 |
| SEMi | 0.11 | Not recorded | 69bcd4ab0636e5bf4afc2bf4 |
| Baseline CLIP | 0.114 | Not recorded | 68fa759e1e209131cea68fe9 |
| BENDVLM | 0.126 | Not recorded | 69bcd4ab0636e5bf4afc2bf4 |
| BASE CLIP | 0.127 | Not recorded | 69bcd4ab0636e5bf4afc2bf4 |
| PRISM | 0.133 | Not recorded | 69bcd4ab0636e5bf4afc2bf4 |
| PRISM | 0.134 | Not recorded | 69bcd4ab0636e5bf4afc2bf4 |
| BASE CLIP | 0.152 | Not recorded | 69bcd4ab0636e5bf4afc2bf4 |
| ROBOSHOT | 0.152 | Not recorded | 69bcd4ab0636e5bf4afc2bf4 |
| DebiasCLIP | 0.158 | Not recorded | 68fa759e1e209131cea68fe9 |
| Orth-Proj. | 0.182 | Not recorded | 68fa759e1e209131cea68fe9 |
| Orth-Cal. | 0.196 | Not recorded | 68fa759e1e209131cea68fe9 |
| ROBOSHOT | 0.206 | Not recorded | 69bcd4ab0636e5bf4afc2bf4 |
| Orth-Cal. | 0.251 | Not recorded | 68fa759e1e209131cea68fe9 |
| Orth-Proj. | 0.259 | Not recorded | 68fa759e1e209131cea68fe9 |
| ORTH-CALI | 0.302 | Not recorded | 69bcd4ab0636e5bf4afc2bf4 |
| ORTH-CALI | 0.307 | Not recorded | 69bcd4ab0636e5bf4afc2bf4 |
| PRISM-MINI | 0.315 | Not recorded | 69bcd4ab0636e5bf4afc2bf4 |
| ORTH-PROJ | 0.322 | Not recorded | 69bcd4ab0636e5bf4afc2bf4 |
| PRISM-MINI | 0.336 | Not recorded | 69bcd4ab0636e5bf4afc2bf4 |
| ORTH-PROJ | 0.34 | Not recorded | 69bcd4ab0636e5bf4afc2bf4 |

### ZSDEBIAS

KL Divergence: 0.027. Result ID: 69bd1f9647f34ce924a7e1a7.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/69bcd4ab0636e5bf4afc2bf4.md>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Backbone":"ResNet-50","Zero-shot":"true","Prompting Category":"Bias prompts only"}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### BENDSEMbi

KL Divergence: 0.035. Result ID: 69bd1f9647f34ce924a7e1b2.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/69bcd4ab0636e5bf4afc2bf4.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/69bcd4ab0636e5bf4afc2bf4.md>)

[Implementation](<https://github.com/mardgui/SEM>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Backbone":"ResNet-101","Zero-shot":"false","Prompting Category":"Bias prompts + input-specific prompts + labeled images"}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### SEMi

KL Divergence: 0.039. Result ID: 69bd1f9647f34ce924a7e19f.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/69bcd4ab0636e5bf4afc2bf4.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/69bcd4ab0636e5bf4afc2bf4.md>)

[Implementation](<https://github.com/mardgui/SEM>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Backbone":"ResNet-50","Zero-shot":"true","Prompting Category":"Bias-agnostic + input-specific prompts"}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### BEND-VLM

KL Divergence: 0.041. Result ID: 6993f3423a6c31484919b8f6.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa759e1e209131cea68fe9.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa759e1e209131cea68fe9.md>)

[Implementation](<https://github.com/waltergerych/bend_vlm>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Backbone":"CLIP-VIT-B-P16"}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### BENDSEMbi

KL Divergence: 0.042. Result ID: 69bd1f9647f34ce924a7e1b1.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/69bcd4ab0636e5bf4afc2bf4.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/69bcd4ab0636e5bf4afc2bf4.md>)

[Implementation](<https://github.com/mardgui/SEM>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Backbone":"ResNet-50","Zero-shot":"false","Prompting Category":"Bias prompts + input-specific prompts + labeled images"}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### BEND-VLM

KL Divergence: 0.047. Result ID: 6993f3423a6c31484919b8fa.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa759e1e209131cea68fe9.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa759e1e209131cea68fe9.md>)

[Implementation](<https://github.com/waltergerych/bend_vlm>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Backbone":"CLIP-VIT-L-P14"}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### SEMb

KL Divergence: 0.084. Result ID: 69bd1f9647f34ce924a7e1a6.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/69bcd4ab0636e5bf4afc2bf4.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/69bcd4ab0636e5bf4afc2bf4.md>)

[Implementation](<https://github.com/mardgui/SEM>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Backbone":"ResNet-101","Zero-shot":"true","Prompting Category":"Bias prompts only"}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### SEMbi

KL Divergence: 0.085. Result ID: 69bd1f9647f34ce924a7e1ac.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/69bcd4ab0636e5bf4afc2bf4.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/69bcd4ab0636e5bf4afc2bf4.md>)

[Implementation](<https://github.com/mardgui/SEM>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Backbone":"ResNet-101","Zero-shot":"true","Prompting Category":"Bias prompts + input-specific prompts"}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### ZSDEBIAS

KL Divergence: 0.091. Result ID: 69bd1f9647f34ce924a7e1a8.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/69bcd4ab0636e5bf4afc2bf4.md>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Backbone":"ResNet-101","Zero-shot":"true","Prompting Category":"Bias prompts only"}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### BENDVLM

KL Divergence: 0.101. Result ID: 69bd1f9647f34ce924a7e1af.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/69bcd4ab0636e5bf4afc2bf4.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa759e1e209131cea68fe9.md>)

[Implementation](<https://github.com/waltergerych/bend_vlm>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Backbone":"ResNet-50","Zero-shot":"false","Prompting Category":"Bias prompts + input-specific prompts + labeled images"}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### Baseline CLIP

KL Divergence: 0.107. Result ID: 6993f3423a6c31484919b8f7.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa759e1e209131cea68fe9.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa69581e209131cea21ad0.md>)

[Implementation](<https://github.com/OpenAI/CLIP>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Backbone":"CLIP-VIT-L-P14"}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### SEMb

KL Divergence: 0.107. Result ID: 69bd1f9647f34ce924a7e1a5.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/69bcd4ab0636e5bf4afc2bf4.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/69bcd4ab0636e5bf4afc2bf4.md>)

[Implementation](<https://github.com/mardgui/SEM>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Backbone":"ResNet-50","Zero-shot":"true","Prompting Category":"Bias prompts only"}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### SEMbi

KL Divergence: 0.107. Result ID: 69bd1f9647f34ce924a7e1ab.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/69bcd4ab0636e5bf4afc2bf4.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/69bcd4ab0636e5bf4afc2bf4.md>)

[Implementation](<https://github.com/mardgui/SEM>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Backbone":"ResNet-50","Zero-shot":"true","Prompting Category":"Bias prompts + input-specific prompts"}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### SEMi

KL Divergence: 0.11. Result ID: 69bd1f9647f34ce924a7e1a0.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/69bcd4ab0636e5bf4afc2bf4.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/69bcd4ab0636e5bf4afc2bf4.md>)

[Implementation](<https://github.com/mardgui/SEM>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Backbone":"ResNet-101","Zero-shot":"true","Prompting Category":"Bias-agnostic + input-specific prompts"}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### Baseline CLIP

KL Divergence: 0.114. Result ID: 6993f3423a6c31484919b8f2.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa759e1e209131cea68fe9.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa69581e209131cea21ad0.md>)

[Implementation](<https://github.com/OpenAI/CLIP>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Backbone":"CLIP-VIT-B-P16"}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### BENDVLM

KL Divergence: 0.126. Result ID: 69bd1f9647f34ce924a7e1b0.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/69bcd4ab0636e5bf4afc2bf4.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa759e1e209131cea68fe9.md>)

[Implementation](<https://github.com/waltergerych/bend_vlm>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Backbone":"ResNet-101","Zero-shot":"false","Prompting Category":"Bias prompts + input-specific prompts + labeled images"}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### BASE CLIP

KL Divergence: 0.127. Result ID: 69bd1f9647f34ce924a7e19b.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/69bcd4ab0636e5bf4afc2bf4.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa69581e209131cea21ad0.md>)

[Implementation](<https://github.com/OpenAI/CLIP>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Backbone":"ResNet-50","Zero-shot":"true"}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### PRISM

KL Divergence: 0.133. Result ID: 69bd1f9647f34ce924a7e1ae.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/69bcd4ab0636e5bf4afc2bf4.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa79f61e209131cea8043f.md>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Backbone":"ResNet-101","Zero-shot":"true","Prompting Category":"Bias prompts + input-specific prompts"}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### PRISM

KL Divergence: 0.134. Result ID: 69bd1f9647f34ce924a7e1ad.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/69bcd4ab0636e5bf4afc2bf4.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa79f61e209131cea8043f.md>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Backbone":"ResNet-50","Zero-shot":"true","Prompting Category":"Bias prompts + input-specific prompts"}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### BASE CLIP

KL Divergence: 0.152. Result ID: 69bd1f9647f34ce924a7e19c.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/69bcd4ab0636e5bf4afc2bf4.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa69581e209131cea21ad0.md>)

[Implementation](<https://github.com/OpenAI/CLIP>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Backbone":"ResNet-101","Zero-shot":"true"}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### ROBOSHOT

KL Divergence: 0.152. Result ID: 69bd1f9647f34ce924a7e19d.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/69bcd4ab0636e5bf4afc2bf4.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa722a1e209131cea54e48.md>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Backbone":"ResNet-50","Zero-shot":"true","Prompting Category":"Bias-agnostic + input-specific prompts"}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### DebiasCLIP

KL Divergence: 0.158. Result ID: 6993f3423a6c31484919b8f5.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa759e1e209131cea68fe9.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa6dbb1e209131cea3badd.md>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Backbone":"CLIP-VIT-B-P16"}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### Orth-Proj.

KL Divergence: 0.182. Result ID: 6993f3423a6c31484919b8f8.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa759e1e209131cea68fe9.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa6f531e209131cea4511d.md>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Backbone":"CLIP-VIT-L-P14"}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### Orth-Cal.

KL Divergence: 0.196. Result ID: 6993f3423a6c31484919b8f9.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa759e1e209131cea68fe9.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa6f531e209131cea4511d.md>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Backbone":"CLIP-VIT-L-P14"}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### ROBOSHOT

KL Divergence: 0.206. Result ID: 69bd1f9647f34ce924a7e19e.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/69bcd4ab0636e5bf4afc2bf4.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa722a1e209131cea54e48.md>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Backbone":"ResNet-101","Zero-shot":"true","Prompting Category":"Bias-agnostic + input-specific prompts"}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### Orth-Cal.

KL Divergence: 0.251. Result ID: 6993f3423a6c31484919b8f4.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa759e1e209131cea68fe9.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa6f531e209131cea4511d.md>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Backbone":"CLIP-VIT-B-P16"}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### Orth-Proj.

KL Divergence: 0.259. Result ID: 6993f3423a6c31484919b8f3.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa759e1e209131cea68fe9.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa6f531e209131cea4511d.md>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Backbone":"CLIP-VIT-B-P16"}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### ORTH-CALI

KL Divergence: 0.302. Result ID: 69bd1f9647f34ce924a7e1aa.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/69bcd4ab0636e5bf4afc2bf4.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa6f531e209131cea4511d.md>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Backbone":"ResNet-101","Zero-shot":"true","Prompting Category":"Bias prompts + input-specific prompts"}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### ORTH-CALI

KL Divergence: 0.307. Result ID: 69bd1f9647f34ce924a7e1a9.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/69bcd4ab0636e5bf4afc2bf4.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa6f531e209131cea4511d.md>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Backbone":"ResNet-50","Zero-shot":"true","Prompting Category":"Bias prompts + input-specific prompts"}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### PRISM-MINI

KL Divergence: 0.315. Result ID: 69bd1f9647f34ce924a7e1a4.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/69bcd4ab0636e5bf4afc2bf4.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa79f61e209131cea8043f.md>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Backbone":"ResNet-101","Zero-shot":"true","Prompting Category":"Bias prompts only"}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### ORTH-PROJ

KL Divergence: 0.322. Result ID: 69bd1f9647f34ce924a7e1a2.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/69bcd4ab0636e5bf4afc2bf4.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa6f531e209131cea4511d.md>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Backbone":"ResNet-101","Zero-shot":"true","Prompting Category":"Bias prompts only"}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### PRISM-MINI

KL Divergence: 0.336. Result ID: 69bd1f9647f34ce924a7e1a3.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/69bcd4ab0636e5bf4afc2bf4.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa79f61e209131cea8043f.md>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Backbone":"ResNet-50","Zero-shot":"true","Prompting Category":"Bias prompts only"}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

### ORTH-PROJ

KL Divergence: 0.34. Result ID: 69bd1f9647f34ce924a7e1a1.

[Reporting paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/69bcd4ab0636e5bf4afc2bf4.md>)

[Method origin paper](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa6f531e209131cea4511d.md>)

Recorded evaluation configuration: {"Backbone":"ResNet-50","Zero-shot":"true","Prompting Category":"Bias prompts only"}. This record does not assert independent reproduction.

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