ResearchBenchmarksAsymptotic Cost and Privacy Analysis on Theoretical L1 transaction batch size nFollow1Non-BLOB L1 Cost (Optimistic, Asymptotic)Arbitrum0.950.97511.025Sep 30, 2025Evaluation ResultsMethodMethodLinksNon-BLOB L1 Cost (Optimistic, Asymptotic)BLOB L1 Cost (Asymptotic)Non-BLOB L1 Cost (Pessimistic, Asymptotic)Privacy Preservation LevelArbitrum2025.091———Calyx2025.091—1—