ResearchBenchmarksAirfoil Shape Optimization on AirFoil 9kFollow1.42Lift Coefficient (CL)GANO0.72320.90411.0851.2659May 6, 2026Evaluation ResultsMethodMethodLinksLift Coefficient (CL)Drag Coefficient (CD)Lift-to-Drag Ratio (CL/CD)GANOsoft drag constraint=C...soft drag constraint=CD < 0.02, iterations=1002026.051.420.01783.4U-NETsoft drag constraint=C...soft drag constraint=CD < 0.02, iterations=1002026.051.20.01675DEEPONETsoft drag constraint=C...soft drag constraint=CD < 0.02, iterations=1002026.050.930.02144.3Initialsoft drag constraint=C...soft drag constraint=CD < 0.02, iterations=1002026.050.750.01453.6