# A Unified Analytical Framework for LYSO-SiPM Scintillation Pulse Dynamics

Source: [A Unified Analytical Framework for LYSO-SiPM Scintillation Pulse Dynamics](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/6a7566b5a080ff033d3e2a75>)

Collection index: [llms.txt](<https://www.sota2.com/research/llms.txt>)

Data updated: 2026-08-08T05:00:06.004Z

Authors: Ao Qiu, Qingguo Xie

Published: 2026-08-06T09:54:09.000Z

## Abstract

Existing scintillation-detector models typically treat scintillation kinetics, optical transport, silicon photomultiplier (SiPM) response, and timing statistics separately, limiting end-to-end prediction of waveform formation and detector performance. We present a unified analytical framework for lutetium-yttrium oxyorthosilicate (LYSO)-SiPM scintillation detectors that links these processes within a single forward model. The framework incorporates finite thermalization, depth-dependent optical transit-time spread, and microcell occupancy dynamics to provide a physics-based description of macroscopic pulse formation. It yields closed-form exponentially modified Gaussian pulses in the linear regime, state-dependent integral solutions in saturation, and recovers the conventional bi-exponential pulse model---ubiquitously used yet hitherto only empirically justified in scintillation pulse fitting and sparse-sampling reconstruction---as a controlled reduction of the full optoelectronic cascade. Experimental validation on 10,000 directly digitized Na-22 pulses shows that the dynamic saturation model captures amplitude-dependent waveform distortion and is favored by the Akaike information criterion (AIC) over a matched bi-exponential baseline in 100/100 high-amplitude pulses and 98/100 medium-amplitude pulses. By coupling the dynamic triggering rate to compound Poisson statistics, the framework also predicts current-variance envelopes and Fisher-information-based timing limits, including an intrinsic coincidence timing resolution lower bound of about 100 ps full width at half maximum (FWHM) for a reference 511-keV LYSO-SiPM configuration. These results deepen the physical understanding of scintillation-detector waveform formation and timing limits by clarifying how scintillation kinetics, optical transport, and SiPM microcell dynamics jointly shape the observed response.

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## Original sources and implementation

[Original paper](<https://arxiv.org/abs/2608.05824>)

[PDF](<https://arxiv.org/pdf/2608.05824.pdf>)