# CHaystack: Benchmarking Chinese Document Retrieval and VQA Source: [CHaystack: Benchmarking Chinese Document Retrieval and VQA]() Collection index: [llms.txt]() Data updated: 2026-07-30T05:00:06.192Z Authors: Hanxi Li Published: 2026-05-30T06:59:33.000Z ## Abstract Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) has made substantial progress in extending the memory of large language models (LLMs), and recent advances have further pushed RAG from pure text settings toward multimodal scenarios. In the document understanding domain, document visual question answering (DocumentVQA) has evolved from question answering over a single document to retrieval-and-generation pipelines over large-scale document collections. However, a benchmark specifically designed for Chinese large-scale document retrieval and question answering is still lacking. To bridge this gap, we introduce CHaystack, a new Chinese DocumentVQA benchmark that covers four document categories, namely academic papers, advertisements, web pages, and real-world photographed documents, enabling a more comprehensive evaluation of DocumentVQA systems. In addition, we present CDocRAG, a Chinese DocumentVQA system that uses a VLM-based relevance filter to verify retrieved document images before answer generation. We evaluate representative open-source embedding and generation models on CHaystack. The results reveal a clear contrast in category-wise strengths: Qwen-family models perform best on text-rich documents such as webpages and papers, whereas other models only achieve competitive results on visually rich categories such as advertisements and degrade sharply on text-dense documents. For retrieval, Qwen3-VL reaches 71.91 Recall@1 while the best non-Qwen model achieves only 14.40. These results indicate that the core challenge of CHaystack lies in Chinese textual encoding, and that Chinese large-scale DocumentVQA still leaves substantial room for improvement. Our code and dateset is available at https://github.com/hanxi19/CHaystack. ## Recorded benchmark results A research result applies to its stated dataset, split, metric and evaluation configuration. Compare like-for-like settings, preserve the metric's unit and direction, and distinguish paper-reported results from independent reproduction. The best result recorded here is not a claim of exhaustive, current global coverage. ## Original sources and implementation [Original paper]() [PDF]()