# Test-Time Adaptation in Optical Coherence Tomography Using Trajectory-Aligned Time-Independent Flow

Source: [Test-Time Adaptation in Optical Coherence Tomography Using Trajectory-Aligned Time-Independent Flow](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/6a337b84206542251d7c4fe3>)

Collection index: [llms.txt](<https://www.sota2.com/research/llms.txt>)

Data updated: 2026-06-26T05:00:12.659Z

Authors: Veit Hucke, Thomas Pinetz, Gregor Reiter, Ursula Schmidt-Erfurth, Hrvoje Bogunovi\\'c

Published: 2026-06-17T09:54:24.000Z

## Abstract

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is essential in ophthalmology, but inconsistent image quality especially in low-cost devices hinders automated analysis. To address this, we introduce a flow-matching-based test-time adaptation method that generates high-quality surrogate images from noisy inputs. Typically, domain gaps between test and training data cause pixel distribution mismatches during the denoising process. We overcome this by matching the test image's histogram to synthetic reference trajectories, successfully aligning the input with expected distributions. Additionally, we remove the network's time conditioning to account for slight deviations in real-world noise distributions. Our approach achieves state-of-the-art performance in segmenting critical biomarkers for two stages of Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD). Code is available: https://github.com/Veit21/tta-flow.

## Recorded benchmark results

A research result applies to its stated dataset, split, metric and evaluation configuration. Compare like-for-like settings, preserve the metric's unit and direction, and distinguish paper-reported results from independent reproduction. The best result recorded here is not a claim of exhaustive, current global coverage.

- [Retinal Fluid Segmentation on RETOUCH Cirrus → Spectralis (test)](<https://www.sota2.com/research/sota/retinal-fluid-segmentation-on-retouch-cirrus-spectralis-test.md>): Lesion Segmentation; RETOUCH Cirrus → Spectralis (test); IRF: 58.8.

- [Lesion Segmentation on In-house Topcon → Spectralis (test)](<https://www.sota2.com/research/sota/lesion-segmentation-on-in-house-topcon-spectralis-test.md>): Lesion Segmentation; In-house Topcon → Spectralis (test); GA DSC: 57.1.

- [Lesion Segmentation on RETOUCH Topcon → Spectralis (test)](<https://www.sota2.com/research/sota/lesion-segmentation-on-retouch-topcon-spectralis-test.md>): Lesion Segmentation; RETOUCH Topcon → Spectralis (test); Intraretinal Fluid Score: 52.

## Original sources and implementation

[Original paper](<https://arxiv.org/abs/2606.18876>)

[PDF](<https://arxiv.org/pdf/2606.18876.pdf>)