# Sound Field Interpolation Using Physics-Informed Extreme Learning Machine with Pre-Training

Source: [Sound Field Interpolation Using Physics-Informed Extreme Learning Machine with Pre-Training](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/6a279e1b90966ade919bf708>)

Collection index: [llms.txt](<https://www.sota2.com/research/llms.txt>)

Data updated: 2026-06-10T05:01:35.776Z

Authors: Hayato Komaba, Gen Sato, Ken Kurata, Yusuke Ikeda

Published: 2026-06-07T03:21:17.000Z

## Abstract

Numerous machine learning-based sound field interpolation methods have been proposed. In particular, physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) can accurately interpolate sound fields from a small number of microphones. However, their high computational cost and long training time pose practical challenges for applications requiring real-time processing or online learning. To address this, we propose a hybrid framework that combines PINN-based pre-training with a physics-informed extreme learning machine (PIELM) tailored for acoustic fields. By replacing iterative PINN fine-tuning for each target sound field with closed-form output-layer adaptation using hidden-layer weights pre-trained by PINN, the proposed method efficiently interpolates unknown sound fields from limited observations. Simulation results under simplified one-dimensional free-field conditions demonstrate that, given a pre-trained model, the proposed method achieves interpolation accuracy comparable to that of PINN-based fine-tuning while reducing the adaptation time by more than three orders of magnitude.

## Recorded benchmark results

A research result applies to its stated dataset, split, metric and evaluation configuration. Compare like-for-like settings, preserve the metric's unit and direction, and distinguish paper-reported results from independent reproduction. The best result recorded here is not a claim of exhaustive, current global coverage.

- [Sound Field Interpolation on 1D Free-field Simulation Experiment 1 1.0 (Measurement Positions)](<https://www.sota2.com/research/sota/sound-field-interpolation-on-1d-free-field-simulation-experiment-1-1-0-measurement-positions.md>): Sound Field Interpolation; 1D Free-field Simulation Experiment 1 1.0 (Measurement Positions); NMSE (dB): -25.85.

- [Sound Field Interpolation on 1D Free-field Simulation Experiment 1 Interpolation Positions 1.0](<https://www.sota2.com/research/sota/sound-field-interpolation-on-1d-free-field-simulation-experiment-1-interpolation-positions-1-0.md>): Sound Field Interpolation; 1D Free-field Simulation Experiment 1 Interpolation Positions 1.0; NMSE (dB): -23.4.

## Original sources and implementation

[Original paper](<https://arxiv.org/abs/2606.08435>)

[PDF](<https://arxiv.org/pdf/2606.08435.pdf>)