# Real-time vacancy concentration evolution revealed via heavy ion irradiation experiments

Source: [Real-time vacancy concentration evolution revealed via heavy ion irradiation experiments](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/699d30936017c4460ffab467>)

Collection index: [llms.txt](<https://www.sota2.com/research/llms.txt>)

Data updated: 2026-03-20T05:00:04.947Z

Authors: Elena Botica-Artalejo, Gregory Wallace, Michael P. Short

Published: 2026-02-20T20:49:31.000Z

## Abstract

We show that in situ ion irradiation transient grating spectroscopy (I3TGS) can be used to monitor the real-time evolution of vacancy concentration generated by self-ion radiation damage in Cu-based alloys. Surface acoustic wave (SAW) frequencies are shown, using a combination of theory and experiment, to reveal vacancy concentrations and their kinetics in real-time. These results are shown to agree with corresponding kinetic Monte Carlo simulations at similar temperatures and dose rates. These results suggest the utility of TGS as a non-contact, non-destructive tool for real-time defect monitoring.

## Recorded benchmark results

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## Original sources and implementation

[Original paper](<https://arxiv.org/abs/2602.18608>)

[PDF](<https://arxiv.org/pdf/2602.18608.pdf>)