# Revealing the interfacial kinetic mechanisms in high-entropy doped Na$\_3$V$\_2$(PO$\_4$)$\_3$ through electrochemical investigation and distribution of relaxation times

Source: [Revealing the interfacial kinetic mechanisms in high-entropy doped Na$\_3$V$\_2$(PO$\_4$)$\_3$ through electrochemical investigation and distribution of relaxation times](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/69842416a8b01e76cc8ee735>)

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Data updated: 2026-02-06T05:00:04.455Z

Authors: Manish Kr. Singh, Rajendra S. Dhaka

Published: 2026-02-04T09:47:37.000Z

## Abstract

We designed a high-entropy doped NASICON cathode, Na$\_3$V$\_{1.9}$(CrMoAlZrNi)$\_{0.1}$(PO$\_4$)$\_3$ and investigate its electrochemical performance for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) to understand the diffusion mechanism including distribution of relaxation times analysis of interfacial kinetics. This trace doping induces high-entropy mixing at the vanadium site, tuning the lattice and enhancing specific capacity, activating V$^{4+}$/V$^{5+}$ redox couple 3.95~V. Interestingly, it delivers a reversible capacity of 119~mAh~g$^{-1}$ at 0.1~C, and demonstrate excellent stability of 68\\% after 1000 cycles at 10~C. The calculated diffusion coefficient values are found within the range of \\(10^{-11}\\)--\\(10^{-13}~\\mathrm{cm^2\\,s^{-1}}\\). The systematic investigation of temperature and voltage-dependent impedance data using the distribution of relaxation times provides deeper insights into the underlying charge-transfer and transport processes. The full cells with hard carbon delivers 326~Wh~kg$^{-1}$ (with respect to cathode mass) at $\\approx$3.2~V and retained $\\sim$79\\% capacity after 100 cycles at 2~C. Our study opens new avenues for developing high-entropy doped cathodes for enhanced structural stability, extended redox activity, and optimized electrochemical kinetics for practical implementation of SIBs.

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## Original sources and implementation

[Original paper](<https://arxiv.org/abs/2602.04372>)

[PDF](<https://arxiv.org/pdf/2602.04372.pdf>)