# Time-Dependent Oxidation and Scale Evolution of a Wrought Co/Ni-based Superalloy

Source: [Time-Dependent Oxidation and Scale Evolution of a Wrought Co/Ni-based Superalloy](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/6916b78f0052cac1dc65e03e>)

Collection index: [llms.txt](<https://www.sota2.com/research/llms.txt>)

Data updated: 2025-11-19T05:02:23.880Z

Authors: Cameron. Crabb, Zachary. T. Kloenne, Samuel. R. Rogers, Chi-Hang. D. Kwok, Mark. C. Hardy, Michelle. S. Conroy, David. Dye

Published: 2025-11-12T19:30:33.000Z

## Abstract

Understanding how protective oxide scales evolve over time is necessary for improving the long term resistance of superalloys. This work investigates the time-dependent oxidation behavior of an ingot-processable Co/Ni-based superalloy oxidized in air at $800~^\\circ\\mathrm{C}$ for $20$, $100$, and $1000~\\mathrm{h}$ . Mass-gain and white-light interferometry measurements quantified oxidation kinetics, surface roughness, and spallation, while high-resolution STEM-EDX characterized oxide morphology and nanoscale elemental partitioning. Atom probe tomography captured the key transition regions between the chromia and alumina scales, and X-ray diffraction was used to identify a gradual transition from NiO and (Ni,Co)-spinel phases to a compact, dual phase chromia and alumina-rich scale. The oxidation rate evolved from near-linear to parabolic behavior with time, consistent with diffusion-controlled growth once a continuous Cr$\_2$O$\_3$/$\\alpha$-Al$\_2$O$\_3$ scale formed. These observations help link kinetics, structure and chemistry, showing how an originally porous spinel layer transforms into a dense, adherent chromia + alumina scale that provides long-term protection in wrought Co/Ni-based superalloys.

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## Original sources and implementation

[Original paper](<https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.09678>)

[PDF](<https://arxiv.org/pdf/2511.09678.pdf>)