# Combining Moving Mass Actuators and Manoeuvring Models for Underwater Vehicles: A Lagrangian Approach

Source: [Combining Moving Mass Actuators and Manoeuvring Models for Underwater Vehicles: A Lagrangian Approach](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/6902f0e63ef7ccd74e5e41e0>)

Collection index: [llms.txt](<https://www.sota2.com/research/llms.txt>)

Data updated: 2025-10-31T05:04:16.982Z

Authors: Alexander B. Rambech, Ivar B. Saksvik, Vahid Hassani

Published: 2025-10-29T13:03:06.000Z

## Abstract

In this paper, we present a Newton-Euler formulation of the equations of motion for underwater vehicles with an interntal moving mass actuator. Furthermore, the moving mass dynamics are expressed as an extension to the manoeuvring model for underwater vehicles, originally introduced by Fossen (1991). The influence of the moving mass is described in body-frame and included as states in both an additional kinematic equation and as part of the coupled rigid-body kinetics of the underwater vehicle. The Coriolis-centripetal effects are derived from Kirchhoff's equations and the hydrostatics are derived using first principals. The proposed Newton-Euler model is validated through simulation and compared with the traditional Hamiltonian internal moving mass actuator formulation.

## Recorded benchmark results

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## Original sources and implementation

[Original paper](<https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.25479>)

[PDF](<https://arxiv.org/pdf/2510.25479.pdf>)