# Logical Structure as Knowledge: Enhancing LLM Reasoning via Structured Logical Knowledge Density Estimation Source: [Logical Structure as Knowledge: Enhancing LLM Reasoning via Structured Logical Knowledge Density Estimation]() Collection index: [llms.txt]() Data updated: 2026-02-14T05:00:04.348Z Authors: Zhen Bi, Zhenlin Hu, Xueshu Chen, Mingyang Chen, Cheng Deng, Yida Xue, Zhen Wang, Qing Shen, Ningyu Zhang, Jungang Lou Published: 2025-09-29T14:20:04.000Z ## Abstract The reasoning capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly attributed to training data quality rather than mere parameter scaling. However, existing data-centric paradigms often equate quality with factuality or diversity and ignore the internal logical complexity of training samples. In this work, we propose that natural language harbors Structured Logical Knowledge manifested through entailment relationships and logical topologies. To quantify this, we introduce Structured Logical Knowledge Density (SLKD), a novel metric that measures logical information content by decomposing natural language into executable predicates and logical primitives. Our analysis reveals a significant logical disparity in current datasets where sparse logical signals predominate. Consequently, we propose a density aware re-cognizing optimization strategy that prioritizes high-density logical samples to enhance with the LLM's reasoning ability. Extensive experiments demonstrate that our approach enhances reasoning performance and generalization without increasing total data volume. These results, further validated within a reinforcement learning framework, suggest that elevating logical density is more critical than expanding data scale for realizing the full cognitive potential of LLMs. The released code is available in the Appendix C. ## Recorded benchmark results A research result applies to its stated dataset, split, metric and evaluation configuration. Compare like-for-like settings, preserve the metric's unit and direction, and distinguish paper-reported results from independent reproduction. The best result recorded here is not a claim of exhaustive, current global coverage. - [Logical Reasoning on Logical Reasoning Datasets Unbalanced](): Logical reasoning; Logical Reasoning Datasets Unbalanced; Recolr: 94.4. - [Logical Reasoning on Logical Reasoning Datasets Balanced](): Logical reasoning; Logical Reasoning Datasets Balanced; Recolr: 94.8. ## Original sources and implementation [Original paper]() [PDF]()