# Lightweight Sequential Transformers for Blood Glucose Level Prediction in Type-1 Diabetes

Source: [Lightweight Sequential Transformers for Blood Glucose Level Prediction in Type-1 Diabetes](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa79731e209131cea7db16>)

Collection index: [llms.txt](<https://www.sota2.com/research/llms.txt>)

Data updated: 2025-11-28T05:01:13.271Z

Authors: Mirko Paolo Barbato, Giorgia Rigamonti, Davide Marelli, Paolo Napoletano

Published: 2025-06-09T15:27:43.000Z

## Abstract

Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) affects millions worldwide, requiring continuous monitoring to prevent severe hypo- and hyperglycemic events. While continuous glucose monitoring has improved blood glucose management, deploying predictive models on wearable devices remains challenging due to computational and memory constraints. To address this, we propose a novel Lightweight Sequential Transformer model designed for blood glucose prediction in T1D. By integrating the strengths of Transformers' attention mechanisms and the sequential processing of recurrent neural networks, our architecture captures long-term dependencies while maintaining computational efficiency. The model is optimized for deployment on resource-constrained edge devices and incorporates a balanced loss function to handle the inherent data imbalance in hypo- and hyperglycemic events. Experiments on two benchmark datasets, OhioT1DM and DiaTrend, demonstrate that the proposed model outperforms state-of-the-art methods in predicting glucose levels and detecting adverse events. This work fills the gap between high-performance modeling and practical deployment, providing a reliable and efficient T1D management solution.

## Recorded benchmark results

A research result applies to its stated dataset, split, metric and evaluation configuration. Compare like-for-like settings, preserve the metric's unit and direction, and distinguish paper-reported results from independent reproduction. The best result recorded here is not a claim of exhaustive, current global coverage.

- [Blood Glucose Forecasting on OhioT1DM Combined (test)](<https://www.sota2.com/research/sota/blood-glucose-forecasting-on-ohiot1dm-combined-test.md>): Blood Glucose Forecasting; OhioT1DM Combined (test); RMSE: 16.

- [Glucose Forecasting on OhioT1DM PH = 60 minutes](<https://www.sota2.com/research/sota/glucose-forecasting-on-ohiot1dm-ph-60-minutes.md>): Glucose forecasting; OhioT1DM PH = 60 minutes; RMSE (PH=60min): 28.99.

- [Blood Glucose Forecasting on OhioT1DM 2020 (test)](<https://www.sota2.com/research/sota/blood-glucose-forecasting-on-ohiot1dm-2020-test.md>): Blood Glucose Forecasting; OhioT1DM 2020 (test); RMSE: 28.99.

## Original sources and implementation

[Original paper](<https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.07864>)

[PDF](<https://arxiv.org/pdf/2506.07864.pdf>)