# Stow: Robotic Packing of Items into Fabric Pods

Source: [Stow: Robotic Packing of Items into Fabric Pods](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa78651e209131cea782ea>)

Collection index: [llms.txt](<https://www.sota2.com/research/llms.txt>)

Data updated: 2025-10-26T04:37:17.197Z

Authors: Nicolas Hudson, Josh Hooks, Rahul Warrier, Curt Salisbury, Ross Hartley, Kislay Kumar, Bhavana Chandrashekhar, Paul Birkmeyer, Bosch Tang, Matt Frost, Shantanu Thakar, Tony Piaskowy, Petter Nilsson, Josh Petersen, Neel Doshi, Alan Slatter, Ankit Bhatia, Cassie Meeker, Yuechuan Xue, Dylan Cox, Alex Kyriazis, Bai Lou, Nadeem Hasan, Asif Rana, Nikhil Chacko, Ruinian Xu, Siamak Faal, Esi Seraj, Mudit Agrawal, Kevin Jamieson, Alessio Bisagni, Valerie Samzun, Christine Fuller, Alex Keklak, Alex Frenkel, Lillian Ratliff, Aaron Parness

Published: 2025-05-07T17:07:09.000Z

## Abstract

This paper presents a compliant manipulation system capable of placing items onto densely packed shelves. The wide diversity of items and strict business requirements for high producing rates and low defect generation have prohibited warehouse robotics from performing this task. Our innovations in hardware, perception, decision-making, motion planning, and control have enabled this system to perform over 500,000 stows in a large e-commerce fulfillment center. The system achieves human levels of packing density and speed while prioritizing work on overhead shelves to enhance the safety of humans working alongside the robots.

## Recorded benchmark results

A research result applies to its stated dataset, split, metric and evaluation configuration. Compare like-for-like settings, preserve the metric's unit and direction, and distinguish paper-reported results from independent reproduction. The best result recorded here is not a claim of exhaustive, current global coverage.

- [3D Blade Insertion on July Corner 288 2025 1,000 cycles (test)](<https://www.sota2.com/research/sota/3d-blade-insertion-on-july-corner-288-2025-1-000-cycles-test.md>): 3D Blade Insertion; July Corner 288 2025 1,000 cycles (test); C: 1.39.

- [3D Blade Insertion on Wall 204 July 2025 1,000 cycles (test)](<https://www.sota2.com/research/sota/3d-blade-insertion-on-wall-204-july-2025-1-000-cycles-test.md>): 3D Blade Insertion; Wall 204 July 2025 1,000 cycles (test); C: 0.77.

- [3D Blade Insertion on July All 2025 1,000 cycles (test)](<https://www.sota2.com/research/sota/3d-blade-insertion-on-july-all-2025-1-000-cycles-test.md>): 3D Blade Insertion; July All 2025 1,000 cycles (test); C Score: 0.88.

- [3D Blade Insertion on July Direct 508 subset 2025 1,000 cycles (test)](<https://www.sota2.com/research/sota/3d-blade-insertion-on-july-direct-508-subset-2025-1-000-cycles-test.md>): 3D Blade Insertion; July Direct 508 subset 2025 1,000 cycles (test); C Score: 0.63.

## Original sources and implementation

[Original paper](<https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.04572>)

[PDF](<https://arxiv.org/pdf/2505.04572.pdf>)