# Path-RAG: Knowledge-Guided Key Region Retrieval for Open-ended Pathology Visual Question Answering Source: [Path-RAG: Knowledge-Guided Key Region Retrieval for Open-ended Pathology Visual Question Answering]() Collection index: [llms.txt]() Data updated: 2025-10-26T04:33:25.608Z Authors: Awais Naeem, Tianhao Li, Huang-Ru Liao, Jiawei Xu, Aby M. Mathew, Zehao Zhu, Zhen Tan, Ajay Kumar Jaiswal, Raffi A. Salibian, Ziniu Hu, Tianlong Chen, Ying Ding Published: 2024-11-26T03:22:01.000Z ## Abstract Accurate diagnosis and prognosis assisted by pathology images are essential for cancer treatment selection and planning. Despite the recent trend of adopting deep-learning approaches for analyzing complex pathology images, they fall short as they often overlook the domain-expert understanding of tissue structure and cell composition. In this work, we focus on a challenging Open-ended Pathology VQA (PathVQA-Open) task and propose a novel framework named Path-RAG, which leverages HistoCartography to retrieve relevant domain knowledge from pathology images and significantly improves performance on PathVQA-Open. Admitting the complexity of pathology image analysis, Path-RAG adopts a human-centered AI approach by retrieving domain knowledge using HistoCartography to select the relevant patches from pathology images. Our experiments suggest that domain guidance can significantly boost the accuracy of LLaVA-Med from 38% to 47%, with a notable gain of 28% for H&E-stained pathology images in the PathVQA-Open dataset. For longer-form question and answer pairs, our model consistently achieves significant improvements of 32.5% in ARCH-Open PubMed and 30.6% in ARCH-Open Books on H\\&E images. Our code and dataset is available here (https://github.com/embedded-robotics/path-rag). ## Recorded benchmark results A research result applies to its stated dataset, split, metric and evaluation configuration. Compare like-for-like settings, preserve the metric's unit and direction, and distinguish paper-reported results from independent reproduction. The best result recorded here is not a claim of exhaustive, current global coverage. ## Original sources and implementation [Original paper]() [PDF]()