# APRICOT: Active Preference Learning and Constraint-Aware Task Planning with LLMs Source: [APRICOT: Active Preference Learning and Constraint-Aware Task Planning with LLMs]() Collection index: [llms.txt]() Data updated: 2025-10-26T03:33:00.210Z Authors: Huaxiaoyue Wang, Nathaniel Chin, Gonzalo Gonzalez-Pumariega, Xiangwan Sun, Neha Sunkara, Maximus Adrian Pace, Jeannette Bohg, Sanjiban Choudhury Published: 2024-10-25T16:08:05.000Z ## Abstract Home robots performing personalized tasks must adeptly balance user preferences with environmental affordances. We focus on organization tasks within constrained spaces, such as arranging items into a refrigerator, where preferences for placement collide with physical limitations. The robot must infer user preferences based on a small set of demonstrations, which is easier for users to provide than extensively defining all their requirements. While recent works use Large Language Models (LLMs) to learn preferences from user demonstrations, they encounter two fundamental challenges. First, there is inherent ambiguity in interpreting user actions, as multiple preferences can often explain a single observed behavior. Second, not all user preferences are practically feasible due to geometric constraints in the environment. To address these challenges, we introduce APRICOT, a novel approach that merges LLM-based Bayesian active preference learning with constraint-aware task planning. APRICOT refines its generated preferences by actively querying the user and dynamically adapts its plan to respect environmental constraints. We evaluate APRICOT on a dataset of diverse organization tasks and demonstrate its effectiveness in real-world scenarios, showing significant improvements in both preference satisfaction and plan feasibility. The project website is at https://portal-cornell.github.io/apricot/ ## Recorded benchmark results A research result applies to its stated dataset, split, metric and evaluation configuration. Compare like-for-like settings, preserve the metric's unit and direction, and distinguish paper-reported results from independent reproduction. The best result recorded here is not a claim of exhaustive, current global coverage. - [Object Placement on PARSEC novel environment categories](): Object Placement; PARSEC novel environment categories; U-1D Success Rate: 50. ## Original sources and implementation [Original paper]() [PDF]()