# Enhancing Output Diversity Improves Conjugate Gradient-based Adversarial Attacks Source: [Enhancing Output Diversity Improves Conjugate Gradient-based Adversarial Attacks]() Collection index: [llms.txt]() Data updated: 2025-10-26T03:08:39.928Z Authors: Keiichiro Yamamura, Issa Oe, Hiroki Ishikura, Katsuki Fujisawa Published: 2024-08-07T07:07:35.000Z ## Abstract Deep neural networks are vulnerable to adversarial examples, and adversarial attacks that generate adversarial examples have been studied in this context. Existing studies imply that increasing the diversity of model outputs contributes to improving the attack performance. This study focuses on the Auto Conjugate Gradient (ACG) attack, which is inspired by the conjugate gradient method and has a high diversification performance. We hypothesized that increasing the distance between two consecutive search points would enhance the output diversity. To test our hypothesis, we propose Rescaling-ACG (ReACG), which automatically modifies the two components that significantly affect the distance between two consecutive search points, including the search direction and step size. ReACG showed higher attack performance than that of ACG, and is particularly effective for ImageNet models with several classification classes. Experimental results show that the distance between two consecutive search points enhances the output diversity and may help develop new potent attacks. The code is available at \\url{https://github.com/yamamura-k/ReACG} ## Recorded benchmark results A research result applies to its stated dataset, split, metric and evaluation configuration. Compare like-for-like settings, preserve the metric's unit and direction, and distinguish paper-reported results from independent reproduction. The best result recorded here is not a claim of exhaustive, current global coverage. ## Original sources and implementation [Original paper]() [PDF]()