# SQATIN: Supervised Instruction Tuning Meets Question Answering for Improved Dialogue NLU Source: [SQATIN: Supervised Instruction Tuning Meets Question Answering for Improved Dialogue NLU]() Collection index: [llms.txt]() Data updated: 2025-10-26T02:34:49.549Z Authors: Evgeniia Razumovskaia, Goran Glava\\v{s}, Anna Korhonen, Ivan Vuli\\'c Published: 2023-11-16T01:57:00.000Z ## Abstract Task-oriented dialogue (ToD) systems help users execute well-defined tasks across a variety of domains (e.g., $\\textit{flight booking}$ or $\\textit{food ordering}$), with their Natural Language Understanding (NLU) components being dedicated to the analysis of user utterances, predicting users' intents ($\\textit{Intent Detection}$, ID) and extracting values for informational slots ($\\textit{Value Extraction}$, VE). In most domains, labelled NLU data is scarce, making sample-efficient learning -- enabled with effective transfer paradigms -- paramount. In this work, we introduce SQATIN, a new framework for dialog NLU based on (i) instruction tuning and (ii) question-answering-based formulation of ID and VE tasks. According to the evaluation on established NLU benchmarks, SQATIN sets the new state of the art in dialogue NLU, substantially surpassing the performance of current models based on standard fine-tuning objectives in both in-domain training and cross-domain transfer. SQATIN yields particularly large performance gains in cross-domain transfer, owing to the fact that our QA-based instruction tuning leverages similarities between natural language descriptions of classes (i.e., slots and intents) across domains. ## Recorded benchmark results A research result applies to its stated dataset, split, metric and evaluation configuration. Compare like-for-like settings, preserve the metric's unit and direction, and distinguish paper-reported results from independent reproduction. The best result recorded here is not a claim of exhaustive, current global coverage. ## Original sources and implementation [Original paper]() [PDF]()