# High-Resolution Convolutional Neural Networks on Homomorphically Encrypted Data via Sharding Ciphertexts Source: [High-Resolution Convolutional Neural Networks on Homomorphically Encrypted Data via Sharding Ciphertexts]() Collection index: [llms.txt]() Data updated: 2025-10-26T02:17:23.201Z Authors: Vivian Maloney, Richard F. Obrecht, Vikram Saraph, Prathibha Rama, Kate Tallaksen Published: 2023-06-15T15:16:16.000Z ## Abstract Recently, Deep Convolutional Neural Networks (DCNNs) including the ResNet-20 architecture have been privately evaluated on encrypted, low-resolution data with the Residue-Number-System Cheon-Kim-Kim-Song (RNS-CKKS) homomorphic encryption scheme. We extend methods for evaluating DCNNs on images with larger dimensions and many channels, beyond what can be stored in single ciphertexts. Additionally, we simplify and improve the efficiency of the recently introduced multiplexed image format, demonstrating that homomorphic evaluation can work with standard, row-major matrix packing and results in encrypted inference time speedups by $4.6-6.5\\times$. We also show how existing DCNN models can be regularized during the training process to further improve efficiency and accuracy. These techniques are applied to homomorphically evaluate a DCNN with high accuracy on the high-resolution ImageNet dataset, achieving $80.2\\%$ top-1 accuracy. We also achieve an accuracy of homomorphically evaluated CNNs on the CIFAR-10 dataset of $98.3\\%$. ## Recorded benchmark results A research result applies to its stated dataset, split, metric and evaluation configuration. Compare like-for-like settings, preserve the metric's unit and direction, and distinguish paper-reported results from independent reproduction. The best result recorded here is not a claim of exhaustive, current global coverage. ## Original sources and implementation [Original paper]() [PDF]()