# UFO-ViT: High Performance Linear Vision Transformer without Softmax Source: [UFO-ViT: High Performance Linear Vision Transformer without Softmax]() Collection index: [llms.txt]() Data updated: 2025-10-25T23:41:15.837Z Authors: Jeong-geun Song Published: 2021-09-29T12:32:49.000Z ## Abstract Vision transformers have become one of the most important models for computer vision tasks. Although they outperform prior works, they require heavy computational resources on a scale that is quadratic to $N$. This is a major drawback of the traditional self-attention (SA) algorithm. Here, we propose the Unit Force Operated Vision Transformer (UFO-ViT), a novel SA mechanism that has linear complexity. The main approach of this work is to eliminate nonlinearity from the original SA. We factorize the matrix multiplication of the SA mechanism without complicated linear approximation. By modifying only a few lines of code from the original SA, the proposed models outperform most transformer-based models on image classification and dense prediction tasks on most capacity regimes. ## Recorded benchmark results A research result applies to its stated dataset, split, metric and evaluation configuration. Compare like-for-like settings, preserve the metric's unit and direction, and distinguish paper-reported results from independent reproduction. The best result recorded here is not a claim of exhaustive, current global coverage. - [Classification on ImageNet-1K 1.0 (val)](): Classification; ImageNet-1K 1.0 (val); Top-1 Accuracy (%): 83.3. ## Original sources and implementation [Original paper]() [PDF]()