# HYPER-SNN: Towards Energy-efficient Quantized Deep Spiking Neural Networks for Hyperspectral Image Classification Source: [HYPER-SNN: Towards Energy-efficient Quantized Deep Spiking Neural Networks for Hyperspectral Image Classification]() Collection index: [llms.txt]() Data updated: 2025-10-25T23:24:37.002Z Authors: Gourav Datta, Souvik Kundu, Akhilesh R. Jaiswal, Peter A. Beerel Published: 2021-07-26T06:17:10.000Z ## Abstract Hyper spectral images (HSI) provide rich spectral and spatial information across a series of contiguous spectral bands. However, the accurate processing of the spectral and spatial correlation between the bands requires the use of energy-expensive 3-D Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs). To address this challenge, we propose the use of Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) that are generated from iso-architecture CNNs and trained with quantization-aware gradient descent to optimize their weights, membrane leak, and firing thresholds. During both training and inference, the analog pixel values of a HSI are directly applied to the input layer of the SNN without the need to convert to a spike-train. The reduced latency of our training technique combined with high activation sparsity yields significant improvements in computational efficiency. We evaluate our proposal using three HSI datasets on a 3-D and a 3-D/2-D hybrid convolutional architecture. We achieve overall accuracy, average accuracy, and kappa coefficient of 98.68%, 98.34%, and 98.20% respectively with 5 time steps (inference latency) and 6-bit weight quantization on the Indian Pines dataset. In particular, our models achieved accuracies similar to state-of-the-art (SOTA) with 560.6 and 44.8 times less compute energy on average over three HSI datasets than an iso-architecture full-precision and 6-bit quantized CNN, respectively. ## Recorded benchmark results A research result applies to its stated dataset, split, metric and evaluation configuration. Compare like-for-like settings, preserve the metric's unit and direction, and distinguish paper-reported results from independent reproduction. The best result recorded here is not a claim of exhaustive, current global coverage. ## Original sources and implementation [Original paper]() [PDF]()