# Watershed of Artificial Intelligence: Human Intelligence, Machine Intelligence, and Biological Intelligence

Source: [Watershed of Artificial Intelligence: Human Intelligence, Machine Intelligence, and Biological Intelligence](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa69e61e209131cea24b19>)

Collection index: [llms.txt](<https://www.sota2.com/research/llms.txt>)

Data updated: 2025-10-25T23:10:38.141Z

Authors: Li Weigang, Liriam Enamoto, Denise Leyi Li, Geraldo Pereira Rocha Filho

Published: 2021-04-27T13:03:25.000Z

## Abstract

This article reviews the "Once learning" mechanism that was proposed 23 years ago and the subsequent successes of "One-shot learning" in image classification and "You Only Look Once - YOLO" in objective detection. Analyzing the current development of Artificial Intelligence (AI), the proposal is that AI should be clearly divided into the following categories: Artificial Human Intelligence (AHI), Artificial Machine Intelligence (AMI), and Artificial Biological Intelligence (ABI), which will also be the main directions of theory and application development for AI. As a watershed for the branches of AI, some classification standards and methods are discussed: 1) Human-oriented, machine-oriented, and biological-oriented AI R&D; 2) Information input processed by Dimensionality-up or Dimensionality-reduction; 3) The use of one/few or large samples for knowledge learning.

## Recorded benchmark results

A research result applies to its stated dataset, split, metric and evaluation configuration. Compare like-for-like settings, preserve the metric's unit and direction, and distinguish paper-reported results from independent reproduction. The best result recorded here is not a claim of exhaustive, current global coverage.

## Original sources and implementation

[Original paper](<https://arxiv.org/abs/2104.13155>)

[PDF](<https://arxiv.org/pdf/2104.13155.pdf>)